Effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the healing process of the in vivo bone tissue

Abstract

The focus of this double-blind randomized study was on evaluating the effect of an aqueous extract of Mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly selected for this study, and divided into 3 groups (n = 12): Group HS (Hemostatic Sponge), Group SM (Hemostatic Sponge with Mastruz) and Group BC (Blood Clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 3 and 10 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate; necrosis; young fibroblasts; osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity; endosteal and periosteal bone formation; and bone repair. The results were assessed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < .05). Inflammatory infiltrate demonstrated difference between Groups SM and BC in the time interval of 3 days (p = .004); an event related to the presence of the fibrin sponge and liquid of the extract, which induced a foreign body initial reaction. The presence of young fibroblasts (p = .003), osteoclastic (p = .003), and osteoblastic (p = .020) activity was statistically significant between Groups HS and BC in the time interval of 10 days; performance was related to the presence of the sponge within bone. As regards injured bone tissue repair, Group SM demonstrated a higher level of regenerative capacity (p = 0.004), due to a larger quantities of endosteal and periosteal bone formation, demonstrated in Group SM. The aqueous extract of mastruz stimulated bone neoformation, presenting wound closure with bone tissue at the end of 10 days.

Effect of chitosan and Dysphania ambrosioides on the bone regeneration process: A randomized controlled trial in an animal model

“…For a standard deviation of 2.1 and a minimum intergroup difference of 5.0 for periosteal bone formation, a sample of five animals was required to provide statistical power of 80% with an alpha of 0.05. The sample number proved to be similar to that used in previous studies (Penha et al, 2017;Prado et al, 2006).…”

“…(chitosan spheres with 20% of D. ambrosioides). The therapeutic dose of 20 mg/kg of extract was adopted in agreement with previous studies (Patrício et al, 2008;Penha et al, 2017).…”

“…The bur was kept perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia, the endosteum, and the medulla (Raafat et al, 2018). The result was a perforation defect of 2 mm × 2 mm (diameter × depth), with the size parameter being the diameter and penetration depth of the bur (Penha et al, 2017). Each animal received only one intervention.…”

“…The Dysphania ambrosioides L plant, a native herb from Central and South America, was previously scientifically named Chenopodium ambrosioides L. This plant has been shown to be capable of modulating the inflammatory process (Moura et al, 2016) and alter bone metabolism, probably activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts (Soares et al, 2015) thus stimulating faster bone neoformation (Penha, Lacerda-Santos, Carvalho, & Oliveira, 2017). However, the use of the extract in liquid form has made it difficult to retain the extract in bone defects, compromising its effectiveness (Penha et al, 2017;Pinheiro Neto et al, 2017;TrivellatoGrassi et al, 2013).…”

“…The Dysphania ambrosioides L plant, a native herb from Central and South America, was previously scientifically named Chenopodium ambrosioides L. This plant has been shown to be capable of modulating the inflammatory process (Moura et al, 2016) and alter bone metabolism, probably activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts (Soares et al, 2015) thus stimulating faster bone neoformation (Penha, Lacerda-Santos, Carvalho, & Oliveira, 2017). However, the use of the extract in liquid form has made it difficult to retain the extract in bone defects, compromising its effectiveness (Penha et al, 2017;Pinheiro Neto et al, 2017;TrivellatoGrassi et al, 2013). Thus, with a view to optimizing the use of this extract by associating it with a material capable of effectively controlling release of the active agents (D'Este, Eglin, Alini, & Kyllönen, 2015;Dash et al, 2011), the aim of this study in an animal model was to verify the effect of associating different concentrations of D. ambrosioides (A) extract with a spherical matrix of chitosan on the process of bone repair in vivo.…”