Effect ofBeta vulgarisLinn. leaves extract on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice after acute restraint stress

Abstract

Background:Stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Beta vulgaris is commonly known as “beet root” possessing antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory properties.Objective:To study the protective effect of Beta vulgaris Linn. ethanolic extract (BVEE) of leaves against acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice.Materials and Methods:Mice (n = 6) were pretreated with BVEE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o.) for 7 days and subjected to ARS for 6 h to induce behavioral and biochemical changes. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior were measured by using different behavioral paradigms such as open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) 40 min postARS. Brain homogenate was used to analyze oxidative stress parameters, that is, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level.Results:BVEE pretreatment significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the ARS-induced reduction in EPM parameters, that is, percentage entries and time spent in open arms and in OFT parameters, that is, line crossings, and rearings in mice. ARS-induced increase in the immobility time in FST and TST was attenuated significantly (P < 0.05) by BVEE pretreatment at both the dosage. An increase in MDA and depletion of GSH level postARS was prevented significantly (P < 0.05) with BVEE pretreatment at both the dosage (100 and 200 mg/kg).Conclusion:BVEE exhibits anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in stressed mice along with good antioxidant property suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.SUMMARY Stress plays major role in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depressionARS-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior through oxidative damage in miceBVEE pretreatment reversed ARS-induced behavioral changes, that is, anxiety and depressionARS-induced oxidative stress was prevented by BVEE pretreatment in mice. Abbreviations Used: ANOVA: Analysis of variance, ARS: Acute restraint stress, BVEE: Beta vulgaris ethanolic extract, BV: Beta vulgaris, CMC: Carboxymethylcellulose, CNS: Central nervous system, CPCSEA: Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animals, cms: Centimeter, DNA: Deoxyribose nucleic acid, EPM: Elevated plus maze, FST: Forced swim test, GSH: Reduced glutathione, g: Gram, h: Hour, IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, mg: Milligram, μM: Microgram, MDA: Malondialdehyde, SEM: Standard error of mean, TST: Tail suspension test, UV: Ultraviolet, w/v: Weight by volume.

Neuroprotective effect of Clerodendrum serratum Linn. leaves extract against acute restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavioral symptoms in adult mice

“…[23] Thus, to exclude motor stimulation activity of EECS, locomotor activity test was also performed. Our results are consistent with other studies[923] indicating that EECS at same doses that produce antidepressant-like activity, did not show motor stimulation. Since decreased immobility time was not accompanied by hyperlocomotion (that could produce false positive results) specific antidepressant-like activity of EECS can be confirmed from the above results.…”

“…In the present study, ARS significantly increased the duration of immobility in FST and TST, indicating depressive-like behavior as demonstrated in earlier studies. [4921] Pretreatment with EECS for 7 days, provided significant protection against ARS induced increased immobility time in FST and TST which supported the findings obtained in similar studies on evaluation of antidepressant-like effect. [49]…”

Antioxidant properties of polyphenolic rich HPLC standardized extract of Beta vulgaris L. roots

“…Earlier it has been reported that leaves of beetroot have shown to possess significant antioxidant property [9][10]. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant property of beetroot that is consumed as a vegetable in various parts of the world including India.…”

“…Researchers have also shown, leaves of Beta vulgaris possess strong anti-oxidant properties [9][10].…”

Neuroprotective Effect of Pedalium murex Linn. Leaf against Lipopolysaccharide Induced Behavioural Disorders in Rats

“…Leaves are a good source of natural antioxidant and widely consumed as vegetables due to its high nutritional value. 6 Epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations between the consumption of phenolic-rich foods or beverages and the prevention of diseases. These effects have been attributed to antioxidant components such as plant phenolics, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids among others.…”