Effect of Hypothermia and Pentobarbital Anaesthesia on the Distribution of Cardiac Output in Rabbits

Aardal, N. P.; Svanes, Knut; Egenberg, Karl Edvard

doi:10.1159/000127676

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The hypothermia process is associated with a reduction of blood flow [37]. It is well known that cold exposure decreases renal [38] and liver flow [39, 40].…”

Section: Hypothermia and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activity in Hypothermia and Rewarming: Can RONS Modulate the Beneficial Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Alva

Palomeque

Carbonell

2013

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Hypothermia is a condition in which core temperature drops below the level necessary to maintain bodily functions. The decrease in temperature may disrupt some physiological systems of the body, including alterations in microcirculation and reduction of oxygen supply to tissues. The lack of oxygen can induce the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (RONS), followed by oxidative stress, and finally, apoptosis and/or necrosis. Furthermore, since the hypothermia is inevitably followed by a rewarming process, we should also consider its effects. Despite hypothermia and rewarming inducing injury, many benefits of hypothermia have been demonstrated when used to preserve brain, cardiac, hepatic, and intestinal function against ischemic injury. This review gives an overview of the effects of hypothermia and rewarming on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and provides hypothesis for the role of reactive oxygen species in therapeutic hypothermia.

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“…The hypothermia process is associated with a reduction of blood flow [37]. It is well known that cold exposure decreases renal [38] and liver flow [39, 40].…”

Section: Hypothermia and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activity in Hypothermia and Rewarming: Can RONS Modulate the Beneficial Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Alva

Palomeque

Carbonell

2013

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…These pharmacokinetic data of practolol have been collected deliberately in conscious rabbits because the barbiturate anesthesia can highly modify the distri bution of cardiac output (1). The single dose of practolol injected here (5 mg/kg), has been reported to cause no striking hemodynamic changes in the rabbit ( 12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little information concerning the pharmacokinetics of practolol in the rabbit is available. More over, because of the presumed participation of the renin angiotensin system in the development of different types of experimental and clinical hypertensions (3) and the suggested use of propranolol and various 0-blocking drugs in the treatment of renal hypertension, because of their plasma-renin activity lowering 1 This work was supported by grant No. 20.314 from the 'Fonds de la Recherche scientifique médicale de Belgique'.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Practolol in the Rabbit with Experimental Glomerulonephritis

Harvengt¹,

Desager²,

Vanderbist³

1975

Pharmacology

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The pharmacokinetics of practolol were studied after intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) in conscious normal rabbits and rabbits with experimental glomerulonephritis induced by daily intravenous injection of bovine 7-globulin. The results obtained demonstrated that the practolol elimination was impaired in animals with experimental glomerulonephritis: significant lengthening of the half-life of the β-phase, with marked decrease of the body clearance and diminution of the drug concentration decrease in plasma. Neither conjugates nor deacetylpractolol could be detected in the urine of the controls or immunized rabbits.

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“…A cholinergic blockade under these conditions had only a moderate vasodilating effect in the anterior uvea. Previous studies on the effects of barbiturate anesthesia on regional blood flow in rabbits did not include determinations of the blood flow in the eye (Aardal, Svanes & Egenberg 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic vasoconstrictor effects in the rabbit eye: Vasomotor effects of pentobarbital anesthesia

Bill¹,

Stjernschantz²

1980

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Oculomotor nerve stimulation causes vasoconstriction in the anterior uvea, which is due partly to a muscarinic mechanism and partly to a non-sympathetic aminergic mechanism. The labelled microsphere method was used to analyze the effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on the resting cholinergic vasomotor tone in the anterior uvea and to determine the relationship between stimulation frequency and vasomotor response. An attempt was made also to ascertain whether the aminergic part of the vasoconstriction is caused by release of 5-hydroxytryptamine or norepinephrine. Induction of pentobarbital anesthesia caused a marked vasodilation in the iris and the ciliary processes and a subsequent muscarinic blockade had no effect on the blood flow. A similar result was obtained in the optic nerve. In the choroid plexus, heart muscle, pineal body and coecum, pentobarbital anesthesia caused vasodilation and a subsequent muscarinic blockade caused vasoconstriction. In the brain pentobarbital anesthesia caused a marked reduction in the blood flow of the grey matter and a moderate reduction in the white matter. After a muscarinic blockade there was some increase in the blood flow of the grey matter. Stimulation of the oculomotor nerve caused near maximum vasomotor responses at 10-20 Hz; maximum effect on the pupil size was obtained at 40-50 Hz. Depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine with fenfluramine did not prevent the aminergic part of the vasoconstriction and a marked vasoconstriction was also observed after pretreatment with reserpine. The results indicate the pentobarbital anesthesia abolishes most of the spontaneous cholinergic vasoconstrictor tone of the anterior uvea and that the aminergic part of the oculomotor nerve induced vasoconstriction is caused by the stimulation of phentolamine-sensitive receptors by a mechanism probably not involving release of norepinephrine or 5-hydroxytryptamine.

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Effect of Hypothermia and Pentobarbital Anaesthesia on the Distribution of Cardiac Output in Rabbits

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activity in Hypothermia and Rewarming: Can RONS Modulate the Beneficial Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activity in Hypothermia and Rewarming: Can RONS Modulate the Beneficial Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Pharmacokinetics of Practolol in the Rabbit with Experimental Glomerulonephritis

Cholinergic vasoconstrictor effects in the rabbit eye: Vasomotor effects of pentobarbital anesthesia

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