Effect of Hypertonic Glucose on Hemorrhagic Shock in Rabbits

McNamara, Joseph J.; Mills, Douglas; Aaby, Gene V.

doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(10)65784-0

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some studies suggested that mild-tomoderate stress hyperglycemia is a protective factor during stress especially ischemia by the following ways. In an animal model, stress hyperglycemia can enhance cardiac output and improve survival (36). In addition, for ischemic cells, moderate stress hyperglycemia can promote cells using glucose more effectively (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVE In recent years, some studies have indicated that a novel marker described as the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) can reflect true acute hyperglycemic status and is associated with the short-term poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In the current study we evaluated the association of SHR with adverse cardiovascular events among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We consecutively enrolled 5,562 ACS patients who underwent drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. All subjects were divided into five groups according to SHR, which was determined by the following formula: ABG / [(28.7 × HbA1c %) − 46.7], where ABG is admission blood glucose level. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at the 2-year follow-up, and the secondary end point included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 2-year follow-up, cardiac death, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 2-year follow-up and in-hospital cardiac death and nonfatal MI. RESULTS A total of 643 MACCE were recorded during a median follow-up of 28.3 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the lowest MACCE incidence in quintile 3 (P < 0.001). Moreover, the outcomes of restricted cubic spline analysis suggested that there was a U-shaped or J-shaped association between the SHR and early and late cardiovascular outcomes even after adjustment for other confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS There were U-shaped associations of SHR with MACCE rate and MACE rate at 2-year follow-ups and J-shaped associations of SHR with in-hospital cardiac death and MI and that at 2-year follow-up in ACS patients who underwent DES implantation, and the inflection point of SHR for poor prognosis was 0.78.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Diabetes Care

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“…Insects, worms and all verterbrates, including fish, develop stress hyperglycemia when exposed to stress [17,18]. In animal models of hemorrhagic shock the administration of a hypertonic glucose solution increased cardiac output, blood pressure and improved survival [19]. In these experiments, similar osmolar doses of saline or mannitol, with greater accompanying fluid volumes, failed to produce the sustained blood pressure changes or to improve the survival.…”

Section: Mild To Moderate Stress Hyperglycemia Is Protective During Stress and Critical Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response!

2013

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Stress hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and appears to be a marker of disease severity. Furthermore, both the admission as well as the mean glucose level during the hospital stay is strongly associated with patient outcomes. Clinicians, researchers and policy makers have assumed this association to be causal with the widespread adoption of protocols and programs for tight in-hospital glycemic control. However, a critical appraisal of the literature has demonstrated that attempts at tight glycemic control in both ICU and non-ICU patients do not improve health care outcomes. We suggest that hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the setting of acute illness is an evolutionarily preserved adaptive responsive that increases the host's chances of survival. Furthermore, attempts to interfere with this exceedingly complex multi-system adaptive response may be harmful. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of stress hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and the protective role of stress hyperglycemia during acute illness.

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“…Cardio-vascular improvements in experimental animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock have been previously reported after administration of hyperosmolar infusions of glucose, mannitol and electrolyte solutions (Replogle, Kundler & Gross 1965, Baue, Tragus & Parkins 1967, McNamara, Mills & Aaby 1970. However, the design of the experiments cited, do not permit valid explanations of the results observed (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modification of cardio‐vascular responses to hemorrhage by induced hyperosmolality in the rat

Quiros

Ware

1983

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Starved rats sedated with a neurolept analgesic were subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension while receiving infusions of iso-osmolar and hyperosmolar solutions. The hemorrhage model used resulted in similar residual blood volumes and hematocrits in all groups. The non-metabolizable pentose, xylose, and glucose were used to induce a state of hyperosmolality, which was absent in those animals which received iso-osmolar infusions (0.29 M xylose). After 45 mins hemorrhagic hypotension and a blood loss equal to 40% of the initial blood volume, the animals receiving the hyperosmolar infusions had a better cardiovascular status compared to those which received the iso-osmolar infusions. The cardiac outputs and stroke volumes were higher and heart rate lower in the hyperosmolar groups. Evidence of better tissue perfusion was obtained in those animals with the induced state of hyperosmolality.

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Effect of Hypertonic Glucose on Hemorrhagic Shock in Rabbits

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia

The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia

Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response!

Modification of cardio‐vascular responses to hemorrhage by induced hyperosmolality in the rat

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