Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Nitrogen Plasma Treatment on Osteoblast Biological Behaviors of 3D-Printed HDPE Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications

Abstract

The need for the repair of bone defects has been increasing due to various causes of loss of skeletal tissue. High density polyethylenes (HDPE) have been used as bone substitutes due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In the present study, we investigated the preosteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation on the adding nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) particles into HDPE scaffold and treating HDPE/n-HAp scaffolds with nitrogen (N2) plasma. The three-dimensional (3D) HDPE/n-HAp scaffolds were prepared by fused modeling deposition 3D printer. The HDPE/n-HAp was blended with 10 wt% of n-HAp particle. The scaffold surface was reactive ion etched with nitrogen plasma to improve the preosteoblast biological response in vitro. After N2 plasma treatment, surfaces characterizations were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells were evaluated by MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The incorporation of n-HAp particles and N2 plasma surface treatment showed the improvement of biological responses of MC3T3-E1 cells in the HDPE scaffolds.

Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone

“…Moreover, the in vitro study showed a better ossification process on the surface with AN-treatment, supporting the in vivo study. Previous studies showed that pre-osteoblast cells, including MC3T3-E1 cells, need scaffolding to attach to the surface by their pseudopodium 42 , 43 . Additionally, they were known to migrate or transform differently depending on the surface characteristics 43 , 44 .…”

Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone

“…Previous studies showed that pre-osteoblast cells, including MC3T3-E1 cells, need scaffolding to attach to the surface by their pseudopodium. 42,43 Additionally, they were known to migrate or transform differently depending on the surface characteristics. 43,44 Accordingly, it was revealed that proper scaffolding was suitable for their attachment and viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.…”

Mechanism and application of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds for bone repair

“…FDM is more dependable and cost-effective when producing customized objects compared to other 3D-printing techniques and can be used to create scaffolds with controllable aperture sizes and morphologies. 51,85…”

“…Many studies have shown that FDM-based scaffolds have excellent tunable mechanical and biochemical properties, which can be exploited for bone regeneration. 17,21,51,85 The degradable composite β-TCP scaffold formed using FDM exhibited excellent biological and mechanical properties, making it a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering. 21 However, the viscosity of the molten material and nozzle size limit the printing resolution as well as shape and precision of the objects produced by FDM compared to those produced by SLA.…”