Effect of Hydrothermal immersion and Hygrothermal Conditioning on Mechanical Properties of GRE Composite

Chakraverty, A.P.; Mohanty, U. K.; Mishra, Sabyasachi; Biswal, Bibhuti Bhusan

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/178/1/012013

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The water gain ratio of composite samples was also due to the high potential rate of moisture collect by the epoxy polymer, because of the epoxy system was inclined to water sorption owing to the existence of OH groups that could attract polar water molecules by hydrogen bonding. 32 The diffusion coefficient (D), corrected diffusion coefficient (D c ), sorption rate (k), and maximum water absorption rate (M m ) are given in Table 3.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,39,40 The fact that the water molecules that accelerate the matrix cracking fills the gaps between polymer chains caused a decrease in flexural strength. 41 Water molecules acted as a plasticizer 32,[42][43][44][45] and the polymer chains generally became more mobile and the flexural properties decreased. 3 The maximum flexural stress, flexural modulus, and flexural strain of an average of 5 specimens for each composite group were evaluated and illustrated in Table 4.…”

Section: Flexural Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water

Oğuz

Erkliğ

Bozkurt

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of distilled water on the flexural and impact properties of glass/aramid fibers reinforced epoxy resin hybrid laminated composites. Four different groups of composite samples ([G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S) were produced by the vacuum infusion method (VARIM), and treated with the distilled water at a temperature of 25 and 70°C for 1000 h. Mechanical tests were carried out under three different conditions, dry, wet, and re-dried. The mass gain ratio of the samples was examined for different periods. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined using SEM. Results indicated that water intake of all composite samples followed as Fickian-like behavior. The stacking sequence of hybrid composite showed a major effect on water absorption features. The distilled water treatment caused a significant decrease in flexural strength, impact strength of all groups. Reduction of flexural strength and impact strength were increased as the temperature was increased for both impact tests.

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Section: Hydrothermal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexural Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water

Oğuz

Erkliğ

Bozkurt

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The saturation moisture gain, it is presumed, is attained after one year of immersion. This value is obtained from saturation moisture gain data, and is reported to be 42.8 22 for epoxy resin. In the rubbery state, the diffusion behaviour obeys the Ficks law and is concentration driven.…”

Section: Gfrp Composites and The Surrounding Ambiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figures 1 to 3 illustrate these modes of failure as revealed from the respective fractographs of fractured GFRP test samples. 22,41 Also Figure 4 schematically presents a craze showing micro voids and fibrilar bridges in cured polymer structure. 45 On application of tensile load, the fibrilar bridges elongate and break making the micro voids to grow and amalgamate.…”

Section: Failure Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the ambiance on GFRP composites and role of some inherent factors: A review report

Beura

Thatoi

Chakraverty

et al. 2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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A composite material scores over its metallic counter parts in many aspects and can be tailor-made to suit the specific purpose for which it is conceived. However, during functioning the composite is exposed to the severities of the surrounding ambiance and is damaged and degraded by the atmospheric deterrent-reagents like moisture and heat fluctuations. In order to ensure a safe, extended service life-span of the composite material, it is, therefore, pertinent that the behaviour of the material related to its physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics must be analysed and established under different fluctuating ambient conditions. The present report aims at analysing and presenting the degradation/damages caused to the glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites under different ambient conditions and the role played by some inherent factors like the constituent components of the GFRP composites, its pre-existing flaws created during manufacturing/service-life, volume fraction fibres, length and distribution of the fibres in the matrix phase and the curing processes adopted for strengthening and stabilising the matrix structure.

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Hygrothermal deterioration in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates aged in marine-based environment (degradation mechanism, mechanical and physicochemical properties)

Ghabezi

Harrison

2022

J Mater Sci

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One of the major challenges in off-shore tidal and wave energy devices is the ageing of these structures in the hostile marine environment, which limits their operating life. In this research, mechanical properties of aged glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composite specimens including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and shear strength, following immersion in a representative accelerated marine degradation environment (artificial seawater, with 3.5% salinity at room temperature and 60 °C) have been investigated. The microstructure and physicochemical characterization of the aged samples were assessed via microscopic imaging, micro-CT scanning and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation phenomenon was apparent in the change of mechanical properties and microstructure of composite laminates (micro-cracks and debonding between matrix and fibre). Generally, the ageing process had a more severe effect on tensile and shear strengths of glass/epoxy samples than those of carbon/epoxy specimens. Reversely, the results of bending tests of carbon/epoxy composites showed more drop-in flexural properties than glass/epoxy samples. The results revealed that degradation mechanisms continue even after reaching the saturation point in composite materials. The achievements of this research present a good understanding of the effect of degradation of composite materials in salt water to deal with their application in real service environment.

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Effect of Hydrothermal immersion and Hygrothermal Conditioning on Mechanical Properties of GRE Composite

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water

Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water

Impact of the ambiance on GFRP composites and role of some inherent factors: A review report

Hygrothermal deterioration in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates aged in marine-based environment (degradation mechanism, mechanical and physicochemical properties)

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