With the increase in the diversity of applications, the effect of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of polymeric composites have become more valuable due to the sensitivity of polymers to aging. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the seawater aging effect on the flexural and low-velocity impact behavior of glass/aramid/ epoxy hybrid composites. Four types of composite groups that are [G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S manufactured by vacuum infusion method were immersed in seawater at 25 °C and 70°C for 1000 h. Mechanical tests were conducted under three different conditions, namely, dry, wet, re-dried. As temperature increases, the water gain ratio also increases for all composite groups. Flexural strength was significantly reduced with seawater absorption for the wet state tested groups at each temperature. The reductions in flexural strength of the re-dried test groups are less than in the wet state test samples. Charpy test results showed that as the composite groups were exposed to hydrothermal aging, the impact strength of the plain glass/ epoxy, GAG/epoxy, and AGA/epoxy hybrid composite decreased. SEM analysis showed that as temperature increases, delamination and fiber/matrix cracks also increases.
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of distilled water on the flexural and impact properties of glass/aramid fibers reinforced epoxy resin hybrid laminated composites. Four different groups of composite samples ([G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S) were produced by the vacuum infusion method (VARIM), and treated with the distilled water at a temperature of 25 and 70°C for 1000 h. Mechanical tests were carried out under three different conditions, dry, wet, and re-dried. The mass gain ratio of the samples was examined for different periods. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined using SEM. Results indicated that water intake of all composite samples followed as Fickian-like behavior. The stacking sequence of hybrid composite showed a major effect on water absorption features. The distilled water treatment caused a significant decrease in flexural strength, impact strength of all groups. Reduction of flexural strength and impact strength were increased as the temperature was increased for both impact tests.
This study aims to investigate the hydrothermal effect on the buckling behavior of glass/aramid/epoxy hybrid composites under distilled and seawater environments. The four types of composite groups ([G
This paper evaluated the effect of water adsorption on the tensile characteristics of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites. The composite samples ([G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S immersed in hydrothermal aging conditions (distilled water at 25°C, distilled water at 70°C, seawater at 25°C, seawater at 70°C) for 1000 h. The kinetic diffusion parameters of hybrid and plain specimens were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Further, the effects of the stacking sequence of fabrics, seawater/distilled water aging, and temperature on the tensile behavior of dry, wet, and re-dried specimens were systematically discussed. At the end of the test, SEM images were obtained from the surfaces of the broken samples. Water gain plots for various conditions displayed that the samples absorbed more water when the aramid fabrics were on the outer surface of the hybrid composites. The hydrothermal aging significantly decreased the tensile strength of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy and plain glass/epoxy composites. The tensile strength decrease rate of samples immersed in distilled water was higher than in seawater. Besides, the re-drying process induced more tensile strength degradation for both water types. SEM results showed that delaminations increased with aging and increasing temperature.
In the current study, effect of sewage sludge ash on the mechanical properties of particle filled composite material is investigated experimentally. The weight rate of sewage sludge ash which would be applied tensile test, three point bending test, and impact test is changing between 0 % and 45 % of overall mixture. Tests are made in mechanics laboratory and for tensile test and three point bending test, the speed of test machine is adjusted as 1 mm/min and 2 mm/min respectively. According to the result of three point bending test, maximum stress tends to decrease with increased rate of sewage sludge ash in the composite. According to the result of tensile test, maximum stress tends to increase with the sewage sludge ash particles content up to 20 % ratio of overall mixture and beyond that ratio it tends to decrease. According to result of impact test; impact resistance increase until weight rate of ash reaches 10 %. The impact resistance decrease between the weight rate of ash 10 % and 25 % and then impact resistance remains constant until rate of ash reach 40 %.
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