Effect of hot metal charging on economic and environmental indices of electric arc furnace steelmaking in China

Tian, Bohan; Wei, Guangsheng; Li, Xin; Zhu, Rong; Bai, Hao; Tian, Weijian; Dong, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134597

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EAFs exhibit a strong adaptability to raw materials [13,14], with the main materials being scrap. However, due to a shortage in scrap reserves, some steel mills adopt the practice of adding hot metal (HM) to the furnace as a supplement [15,16]. This approach adjusts the composition of the raw materials and obtains a good smelting effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Energy Utilization Efficiency and Optimal Energy Matching Model of EAF Steelmaking Based on Association Rule Mining

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the iron and steel industry, evaluating the energy utilization efficiency (EUE) and determining the optimal energy matching mode play an important role in addressing increasing energy depletion and environmental problems. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a typical short crude steel production route, which is characterized by an energy-intensive fast smelting rhythm and diversified raw charge structure. In this paper, the energy model of the EAF steelmaking process is established to conduct an energy analysis and EUE evaluation. An association rule mining (ARM) strategy for guiding the EAF production process based on data cleaning, feature selection, and an association rule (AR) algorithm was proposed, and the effectiveness of this strategy was verified. The unsupervised algorithm Auto-Encoder (AE) was adopted to detect and eliminate abnormal data, complete data cleaning, and ensure data quality and accuracy. The AE model performs best when the number of nodes in the hidden layer is 18. The feature selection determines 10 factors such as the hot metal (HM) ratio and HM temperature as important data features to simplify the model structure. According to different ratios and temperatures of the HM, combined with k-means clustering and an AR algorithm, the optimal operation process for the EUE in the EAF steelmaking under different smelting modes is proposed. The results indicated that under the conditions of a low HM ratio and low HM temperature, the EUE is best when the power consumption in the second stage ranges between 4853 kWh and 7520 kWh, the oxygen consumption in the second stage ranges between 1816 m3 and 1961 m3, and the natural gas consumption ranges between 156 m3 and 196 m3. Conversely, under the conditions of a high HM ratio and high HM temperature, the EUE tends to decrease, and the EUE is best when the furnace wall oxygen consumption ranges between 4732 m3 and 5670 m3, and the oxygen consumption in the second stage ranges between 1561 m3 and 1871 m3. By comparison, under different smelting modes, the smelting scheme obtained by the ARM has an obvious effect on the improvement of the EUE. With a high EUE, the improvement of the A2B1 smelting mode is the most obvious, from 24.7% to 53%. This study is expected to provide technical ideas for energy conservation and emission reduction in the EAF steelmaking process in the future.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Energy Utilization Efficiency and Optimal Energy Matching Model of EAF Steelmaking Based on Association Rule Mining

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More HM is adopted in EAF steelmaking process to keep the massive crude steel yield. 16,17 A large number of scholars have studied the charge structure of EAF steelmaking, and try to explain the internal relationships of materials and energy sources to obtain some practical energy-saving and consumption reduction measures. Kirschen et al 18 constructed an energy efficiency model of an 80t EAF with the charge structure of scrap and DRI based on the mass and energy balance, and analysed the effects of DRI properties on materials and energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and techno-economic analysis of electric arc furnace steelmaking process with hot metal charging in China

Hu,

Yang,

Zou

et al. 2024

Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applicati

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comprehensively considering the raw materials availability, production technology, and economy factor, it is unclear to choose the optimal electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking modes with charging scrap and hot metal (HM) in China. In this paper, the mathematical modelling and techno-economic analysis is adopted to quantitatively describe the consumption level of material and energy, as well as the economic performance in EAF steelmaking process. The calculation results reveal that considering the lowest smelting time, heat loss and total energy consumption, and better economic benefit and energy saving effect, the optimal EAF steelmaking process of 50% HM ratio with carbon powder and coal gas added is suggested, and the consumption of carbon powder and natural gas should be limited within 19.58 kg and 11.63 Nm3. This research is expected to provide some theoretical and operation guidance for low consumption and high efficiency lean production in EAF steelmaking process.

show abstract

“…36 Notably, BF-BOF is typically more polluting than EAF, which leads to a great diversity of emission intensities across countries. 37 Certain highly polluting technologies, such as OHF, which were prevalent in the mid-20th century, are now obsolete. 38 Conversely, cleaner technologies like direct reduction and smelting reduction processes have emerged, but their market penetration remains limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BF-BOF route dominates in China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and Germany, whereas the EAF route is more commonly employed in the United States, India, and Turkey . Notably, BF-BOF is typically more polluting than EAF, which leads to a great diversity of emission intensities across countries . Certain highly polluting technologies, such as OHF, which were prevalent in the mid-20th century, are now obsolete .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and Steel Industry Emissions: A Global Analysis of Trends and Drivers

Zhang,

Shen,

Chen

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The iron and steel industry (ISI) is important for socio-economic progress but emits greenhouse gases and air pollutants detrimental to climate and human health. Understanding its historical emission trends and drivers is crucial for future warming and pollution interventions. Here, we offer an exhaustive analysis of global ISI emissions over the past 60 years, forecasting up to 2050. We evaluate emissions of carbon dioxide and conventional and unconventional air pollutants, including heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Based on this newly established inventory, we dissect the determinants of past emission trends and future trajectories. Results show varied trends for different pollutants. Specifically, PM 2.5 emissions decreased consistently during the period 1970 to 2000, attributed to adoption of advanced production technologies. Conversely, NO x and SO 2 began declining recently due to stringent controls in major contributors such as China, a trend expected to persist. Currently, end-of-pipe abatement technologies are key to PM 2.5 reduction, whereas process modifications are central to CO 2 mitigation. Projections suggest that by 2050, developing nations (excluding China) will contribute 52−54% of global ISI PM 2.5 emissions, a rise from 29% in 2019. Long-term emission curtailment will necessitate the innovation and widespread adoption of new production and abatement technologies in emerging economies worldwide.

show abstract

Effect of hot metal charging on economic and environmental indices of electric arc furnace steelmaking in China

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of Energy Utilization Efficiency and Optimal Energy Matching Model of EAF Steelmaking Based on Association Rule Mining

Evaluation of Energy Utilization Efficiency and Optimal Energy Matching Model of EAF Steelmaking Based on Association Rule Mining

Mathematical modelling and techno-economic analysis of electric arc furnace steelmaking process with hot metal charging in China

Iron and Steel Industry Emissions: A Global Analysis of Trends and Drivers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About