Effect of horseback riding versus a dynamic and static horse riding simulator on sitting ability of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

[Purpose] A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the immediate effects of horseback riding (HR) and a dynamic (DHS) and static (SHS) horse riding simulator (OSIM uGallop, Taiwan) on sitting ability of children with cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty children with cerebral palsy were recruited and randomly assigned into three groups. Children received 30 minutes of exercise according to their assigned group. The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) and Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) sitting dimension were used to assess children in all groups both before and after the interventions. [Results] Sitting abilities were significantly improved after all interventions. Horseback riding showed the most improvement, followed by the dynamic and static horse riding simulator groups. Horseback riding also showed a significant improvement in the GMFM sitting dimension. [Conclusion] Horseback riding was the best intervention for promoting sitting ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy. However, a dynamic horse riding simulator can be a good surrogate for horseback riding when horseback riding is not available.

State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy

“…There are also several adjunctive interventions that when combined with task-specific motor training may augment the positive effects of training. These include electrical stimulation [65,[92][93][94], hydrotherapy [108,110,111], taping [159][160][161][162][163][164], transcranial direct current stimulation [101,[166][167][168], and virtual reality serious gaming [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] (yellow lights, weak positive). These interventions warrant more research as children reported finding gaming interventions rewarding and normalizing, and preferred electrical stimulation to wearing ankle-foot orthoses from a comfort perspective [93].…”

A Equoterapia Na Reabilitação De Indivíduos Com Paralisia Cerebral: Uma Revisão Sistemática De Ensaios Clínicos

“…Dentre os estudos analisados, verificou-se que seis estudos foram publicados há menos de cinco anos (KWON et al, 2011(KWON et al, , 2015LEE;KIM;NA, 2014;PARK et al, 2014;TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015;ALEMDAROĞLU et al, 2016). Quanto ao local do estudo, quatro foram realizados nos Estados Unidos da América (BENDA; MCGIBBON; GR ANT, 2003;MCGIBBON et al, 2009;SHURTLEFF;ENGSBERG, 2010;SHURTLEFF;STANDEVEN;ENGSBERG, 2009), dois na Tailândia (CHERNG et al, 2004;TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015), um na Austrália (DAVIS et al, 2009), um na Turquia (ALEMDAROĞLU et al, 2016) e quatro na Coreia (KWON et al, 2011(KWON et al, , 2015LEE;KIM;NA, 2014;PARK et al, 2014). A amostra variou de 12 (SHURTLEFF; ENGSBERG, 2010) a 99 participantes (DAVIS et al, 2009 O instrumento predominantemente utilizado para avaliar a função motora foi a Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), presente em seis estudos (CHERNG et al, 2004;DAVIS et al, 2009;KWON et al, 2011KWON et al, , 2015PARK et al, 2014;TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015).…”

“…Quanto ao local do estudo, quatro foram realizados nos Estados Unidos da América (BENDA; MCGIBBON; GR ANT, 2003;MCGIBBON et al, 2009;SHURTLEFF;ENGSBERG, 2010;SHURTLEFF;STANDEVEN;ENGSBERG, 2009), dois na Tailândia (CHERNG et al, 2004;TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015), um na Austrália (DAVIS et al, 2009), um na Turquia (ALEMDAROĞLU et al, 2016) e quatro na Coreia (KWON et al, 2011(KWON et al, , 2015LEE;KIM;NA, 2014;PARK et al, 2014). A amostra variou de 12 (SHURTLEFF; ENGSBERG, 2010) a 99 participantes (DAVIS et al, 2009 O instrumento predominantemente utilizado para avaliar a função motora foi a Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), presente em seis estudos (CHERNG et al, 2004;DAVIS et al, 2009;KWON et al, 2011KWON et al, , 2015PARK et al, 2014;TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015). Foi utilizada também a escala de equilíbrio pediátrica (Pediatric Balance Scale -PBS) (KWON et al, 2011, 2015; LEE; KIM; NA, 2014), a eletromiografia de superfície (BENDA; MCGIBBON; GRANT, 2003;MCGIBBON et al, 2009), a avaliação segmentar do controle de tronco (TEMCHAROENSUK et al, 2015), a avaliação cinemática (SHURTLEFF; ENGSBERG, 2010; SHURTLEFF; STANDEVEN; ENGSBERG, 2009), e a plataforma de equilíbrio (LEE; KIM; NA, 2014), entre outros.…”

Evaluation of Horse Riding Simulator with Strengthening Training Program and Conventional Physiotherapy in treatment of Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

“…Previous research findings that significant improvement occurs in children with CP especially in postural control from sitting position when using the simulator on them [12]. Likewise, recent evidence suggests that horse riding simulator is one of the best ways to improve sitting and balance, and it recommends that dynamic horse riding simulator might be a successful surrogate in rehabilitation of cerebral palsy if real horses is unavailable [13]. Several studies reported that motor function, activities and muscle strength are significantly improved in children with C.P.…”