Effect of home training during the COVID-19 lockdown on physical performance and perceptual responses of team-sport athletes: a mini-review

Paludo, Ana Carolina; Karpinski, Kathleen; Silva, Shauane; Kumstát, Michal; Sajdlová, Zuzana; Milanović, Zoran

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.117040

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In particular, a previous study reported that endurance runners (especially top-level athletes) predominantly undertake low-intensity, long-duration training, with the addition of highly intensive bouts ( Seiler, 2010 ). Meanwhile, a review of 9 studies (in team sports players) described the typical home training comprising of an average ∼5 ± 2 weekly training sessions, with a session duration of ∼45–90 min ( Paludo et al, 2022 ). The latter authors reported VO 2 max changes from +6% to -9% (highly variable results), increased sprint times (.4%–36%) reflective of poorer sprint performance; and changes in countermovement jump height (−5% to +15%) after home/modified training that focused on muscular strength and endurance ( Paludo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, a review of 9 studies (in team sports players) described the typical home training comprising of an average ∼5 ± 2 weekly training sessions, with a session duration of ∼45–90 min ( Paludo et al, 2022 ). The latter authors reported VO 2 max changes from +6% to -9% (highly variable results), increased sprint times (.4%–36%) reflective of poorer sprint performance; and changes in countermovement jump height (−5% to +15%) after home/modified training that focused on muscular strength and endurance ( Paludo et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, with similar training focuses, minor changes were reported in reactive agility performance of −12% ( Pucsok et al, 2021 ), and one-repetition maximum strength of −3% ( Pedersen et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, with similar training focuses, minor changes were reported in reactive agility performance of −12% ( Pucsok et al, 2021 ), and one-repetition maximum strength of −3% ( Pedersen et al, 2021 ). It appears there are highly variable between-athlete changes in physiological and performance changes due to the COVID-19 lockdowns ( Paludo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Athlete level, sport-type, and gender influences on training, mental health, and sleep during the early COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia

Washif¹,

Kok

James

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: We evaluated the extent of changes in training practices, recovery, mental health, and sleep patterns of athletes during the early COVID-19 lockdown in a single country-cohort.Methods: A total of 686 athletes (59% male, 41% female; 9% World Class, 28% International, 29% National, 26% State, 8% Recreational) from 50 sports (45% individual, 55% team) in Malaysia completed an online, survey-based questionnaire study. The questions were related to training practices (including recovery and injury), mental health, and sleep patterns.Results: Relative to pre-lockdown, training intensity (−34%), frequency (−20%, except World-Class), and duration (−24%–59%, especially International/World-Class) were compromised, by the mandated lockdown. During the lockdown, more space/access (69%) and equipment (69%) were available for cardiorespiratory training, than technical and strength; and these resources favoured World-Class athletes. Most athletes trained for general strength/health (88%) and muscular endurance (71%); and some used innovative/digital training tools (World-Class 48% vs. lower classification-levels ≤34%). More World-Class, International, and National athletes performed strength training, plyometrics, and sport-specific technical skills with proper equipment, than State/Recreational athletes. More females (42%) sourced training materials from social media than males (29%). Some athletes (38%) performed injury prevention exercises; 18% had mild injuries (knees 29%, ankles 26%), and 18% received a medical diagnosis (International 31%). Lower-level athletes (e.g., State 44%) disclosed that they were mentally more vulnerable; and felt more anxious (36% vs. higher-levels 14%–21%). Sleep quality and quantity were “normal” (49% for both), “improved” (35% and 27%), and only 16% and 14% (respectively) stated “worsened” sleep.Conclusion: Lockdown compromised training-related practices, especially in lower-level athletes. Athletes are in need of assistance with training, and tools to cope with anxiety that should be tailored to individual country requirements during lockdown situations. In particular, goal-driven (even if it is at home) fitness training, psychological, financial, and lifestyle support can be provided to reduce the difficulties associated with lockdowns. Policies and guidelines that facilitate athletes (of all levels) to train regularly during the lockdown should be developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Athlete level, sport-type, and gender influences on training, mental health, and sleep during the early COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia

Washif¹,

Kok

James

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…It was supervised by club coaches. Based on the practices presented in other research [17], it would be useful to plan and motivate the players to workout at home during isolation in order to minimise the detraining effect when returning to form. Home trainings have to be planned and structured individually by coaches and strength-conditioning professionals in collaboration with the club medical team with respect to the health condition of each player.…”

Section: Covid-19 Epidemiology and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the COVID-19-positive soccer players, a smaller part (6%) had a longer period of adaptation to usual training routines due to poor physical condition, although their medical parameters were satisfactory [4]. In order to minimise the impact of lack of training during isolation, some athletes were encouraged to perform adapted training sessions at home [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Different Predominant SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Affected Clinical Patterns and Performances of Infected Professional Players during Two Soccer Seasons: An Observational Study from Split, Croatia

Nincevic

Savičević

Veršić

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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There are limited data describing clinical patterns and match running performance (MRP) among players with COVID-19 infection before and after infection, particularly related to different predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as in comparison to uninfected players. This observational study was conducted during two consecutive soccer seasons in one professional club in Split, Croatia. There were four clusters of mild, self-limited, or asymptomatic infection characterised by low adherence to preventive measures. Infected players had significantly more symptoms (t-test = 3.24; p = 0.002), a longer period of physical inactivity (χ2 = 10.000; p = 0.006) and a longer period of self-assessment for achieving full fitness (χ2 = 6.744; p = 0.034) in the 2020–2021 season (Wuhan wild strain and Alpha variant) than in the 2021–2022 season (Omicron variant). It was also found that, despite the milder clinical presentation of the infection in the 2021–2022 season, the players had significantly more abnormal laboratory findings (χ2 = 9.069240; p = 0.002), although without clinical significance at the time of the study. As for the MRP, player performance in the 2021–2022 season was not negatively affected by the Omicron variant, while there was an improvement in MRP in scores for a sample of all players. The RTP protocol was correctly applied because it helped the athletes to recover their pre-infection physical capacities relatively quickly. This study advances the understanding that an optimally and individually planned RTP protocol is crucial for the MRP of infected players. Future research needs to replicate the findings of abnormal laboratory results and extend the study focusing on their potential long-term clinical significance.

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Training strategies of 10,074 athletes from 121 countries based on human development index in early COVID-19 lockdown

Galy,

Washif,

Wattelez

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between changes in training practices and human development index (HDI) levels, and identify strategies employed by athletes who consistently maintained their training quantity during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 10,074 athletes (5290 amateur and 4787 professional athletes from 121 countries) completed an online survey between 17 May to 5 July 2020. We explored their training practices, including specific questions on training frequency, duration and quantity before and during lockdown (March–June 2020), stratified according to the human development index (HDI): low-medium, high, or very high HDI. During the COVID-19 lockdown, athletes in low-medium HDI countries focused on innovative training. Nevertheless, women and amateur athletes experienced a substantial reduction in training activity. Performance-driven athletes and athletes from higher HDI indexed countries, were likely to have more opportunities to diversify training activities during lockdowns, facilitated by the flexibility to perform training away from home. Factors such as lockdown rules, socioeconomic environment, and training education limited training diversification and approaches, particularly in low-medium and high HDI countries. Athletes (amateurs and professionals) who maintained the quantity of training during lockdown appeared to prioritize basic cardiovascular and strength training, irrespective of HDI level. Modifying training and fitness programs may help mitigate the decrease in training activities during lockdowns. Customized training prescriptions based on gender, performance, and HDI level will assist individuals to effectively perform and maintain training activities during lockdowns, or other challenging (lockdown-like) situations.

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Effect of home training during the COVID-19 lockdown on physical performance and perceptual responses of team-sport athletes: a mini-review

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Athlete level, sport-type, and gender influences on training, mental health, and sleep during the early COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia

Athlete level, sport-type, and gender influences on training, mental health, and sleep during the early COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia

How Different Predominant SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Affected Clinical Patterns and Performances of Infected Professional Players during Two Soccer Seasons: An Observational Study from Split, Croatia

Training strategies of 10,074 athletes from 121 countries based on human development index in early COVID-19 lockdown

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