As seen from Chap. 3 of this book, nanostructuring of various metallic materials is a key for obtaining extraordinary multifunctional properties that are very attractive for different structural and functional applications. Materials experts have asserted that materials breakthroughs in the twentieth century required about 20 years from the time of invention to gain widespread market acceptance [1].1 Bulk nanostructured metallic materials also have been following this track. Despite a wide research started at the beginning of 1990, very significant progress in their commercialization has been made just in recent years, which is evident by the first production of advanced pilot articles from nanostructured metals and alloys with new functionality. These aspects of innovations of bulk nanostructured metallic materials processed by SPD are discussed in this chapter.Application and commercialization of bulk nanostructured metallic materials are associated with three primary points: their superior properties, their efficient fabrication, and the possibility to produce cutting-edge products from these materials. Analytical reports documented more than 100 specific market areas for nanostructured metals [2,3], and it is evident that many of these new structural and functional applications involve extreme environments where exceptional strength and improved functional properties are needed. Below are the examples of nanomaterials developments for their innovation applications in engineering and medicine.
Nanostructured Ti and Ti Alloys for Biomedical EngineeringPure Ti possesses the highest biocompatibility with living organisms, but it has limited use in medicine due to its low strength.