Bulk Nanostructured Metals for Innovative Applications

Abstract

As seen from Chap. 3 of this book, nanostructuring of various metallic materials is a key for obtaining extraordinary multifunctional properties that are very attractive for different structural and functional applications. Materials experts have asserted that materials breakthroughs in the twentieth century required about 20 years from the time of invention to gain widespread market acceptance [1].1 Bulk nanostructured metallic materials also have been following this track. Despite a wide research started at the beginning of 1990, very significant progress in their commercialization has been made just in recent years, which is evident by the first production of advanced pilot articles from nanostructured metals and alloys with new functionality. These aspects of innovations of bulk nanostructured metallic materials processed by SPD are discussed in this chapter.Application and commercialization of bulk nanostructured metallic materials are associated with three primary points: their superior properties, their efficient fabrication, and the possibility to produce cutting-edge products from these materials. Analytical reports documented more than 100 specific market areas for nanostructured metals [2,3], and it is evident that many of these new structural and functional applications involve extreme environments where exceptional strength and improved functional properties are needed. Below are the examples of nanomaterials developments for their innovation applications in engineering and medicine. Nanostructured Ti and Ti Alloys for Biomedical EngineeringPure Ti possesses the highest biocompatibility with living organisms, but it has limited use in medicine due to its low strength.

An overview on severe plastic deformation: research status, techniques classification, microstructure evolution, and applications

“…In some other studies, the effect of HPT on the hydrogen storage properties of Mg ZK60 [274] and Mg2Ni have been investigated. In general, HPT enhanced the hydrogen sorption kinetics due to a high density of planar lattice defects, such as crystallite boundaries and stacking faults, induced by HPT [248,20]. It is reasonable to conclude that SPD processes in general and HPT and ECAP processes in particular have the great potential to be used in the production of the nanocrystalline elements.…”

“…Despite the extraordinary multifunctional properties of the UFG materials processed by SPD such as high strength, good strength to weight ratio, long fatigue life and the possibility of fabricating cutting-edge products with efficient methods by UFG materials [248], commercial uses of UFG material products are currently rare. As shown in the previous section around 120…”

“…It was well documented that SPD processing can lead to substantial improvements in the kinetics on-board mobile applications [271]. However, high thermodynamic stability, high hydrogen desorption temperature and relatively poor hydrogen absorption-desorption kinetics of Mg alloys are big challenges in this regard [20,248]. One way to improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg-alloys is grain refinement.…”

“…European standard EN ISO 13485:2003[248]. In another project in the framework of VINATfunded by European Commision and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, another implant prototype with the diameter of 2.0 mm with the ultimate tensile strength of 1330 MPa was developed (Fig.…”

The Influence of A Cross-Channel Extrusion Process on The Microstructure and Properties of Copper

“…In recent years, SPD-techniques have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for the fabrication of bulk nanostructures and UFG materials [13,14]. Currently, high pressure torsion (HPT) [15], equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) [16], and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) are the most common SPD methods [17,18].…”