Effect of high-level fish meal replacement by plant proteins in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) on growth and body/fillet quality traits

Abstract

Juvenile gilthead sea bream (initial body weight ca. 100 g) were reared in an indoor flow through marine water system for 1 year. Fish were fed two isoenergetic [19.2 kJ g )1 dry matter (DM)] and isoproteic (426 g kg )1 DM) diets either based on fish meal (diet FM) or on a mixture of plant protein sources (diet PP), replacing 75% of fish meal protein. The growth trial was conducted in duplicate, two tanks for each dietary treatment. Growth performance and feed utilization were registered. Fillet quality parameters were evaluated and sensory analyses on cooked fillet were performed. Both groups had similar weight gain and specific growth rates. Feed intake was higher in sea bream fed diet FM (0.48 versus 0.44), while feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in sea bream fed PP (0.83 versus 0.77 and 2.0 versus 1.76, respectively). Sea bream fed diet FM had a lower hepatosomatic index (0.80 versus 0.87%), and a higher fillet yield (45.9 versus 44.9%). The fillet from sea bream fed diet FM had higher moisture (696 versus 682 g kg )1 ), lower lipid levels (91 versus 100 g kg )1 ) with higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), while the PP fed sea bream presented a higher level of PUFA n-6. There were minor differences in muscle free amino acid levels between the two diet groups. As regards sensory evaluation of cooked fillet, the judges were unable to discriminate the two dietary groups of fish. Summarizing, the results demonstrate the possibility to use diets containing high levels (750 g kg )1 ) of plant ingredients in gilthead sea bream without affecting growth performance and with minor effects on quality traits of commercial size sea bream. KEY WORDS

Effect of partial fish meal replacement by soybean meal on the growth performance and biochemical indices of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

“…As previously mentioned, the hepatic hyperplasia was related to dietary SBM. Recent results showed that the HSI increase was accompanied by elevated liver lipid content in fish fed higher plant protein diets (Sitjà-Bobadilla et al 2005;de Francesco et al 2007;Kjaer et al 2009). Panserat et al (2009) observed an over-expression of genes involved in liver lipid biosynthesis (CHO metabolism and desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids) in rainbow trout fed the 100% plant diet (versus the FM-based diet).…”

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“…Several authors proposed alternative protein (Robaina, Moyano, Izquierdo, Socorro, Vergara, & Montero, 1995;Robaina et al, 1997;Kissil, Lupatsch, Higgs & Hardy, 2000;Pereira & OlivaTeles, 2003;Pereira & Oliva-Teles, 2004;Go mezRequeni et al, 2004;De Francesco et al, 2007;Sanchez-Lo zano et al, 2007;Emre, Sevgili, & Sanli, 2008;Martìnez-Llorens et al, 2008;Piccinno et al, 2013) and oil sources (Montero et al, 2003;Montero et al, 2008;Benedito-Palos et al, 2008;Fountoulaki et al, 2009;Pérez, Rodríguez, Bolaños, Cejas & Loren zo, 2014;Castro et al, 2015) for the feeding of GSB. Even if the research provided a wide range of raw materials and ingredients for feed formulat ion and manufacture, only few economic and largely available p lant ingredients like soybean, sunflower and rapeseed are commonly us ed to replace FM and FO.…”

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

“…plant, microbial, and/or animal, to complement each other in terms of ANFs, toxins, limiting nutrients etc., appears to be gaining focus in recent years. These mixes have been shown to have some promise for tilapia (El-Saidy and Gaber, 2003), gilthead sea bream (Gómez-Requeni et al, 2004;De Francesco et al, 2007), Atlantic cod (Albrektsen et al, 2006; and rainbow trout (Lee et al, 2002;De Francesco et al, 2004;Vilhelmsson et al, 2004;Rahnema et al, 2007). Complete substitution of fishmeal for plant proteins in carnivorous species such as Atlantic cod, sea bream and rainbow trout have led to depressed feed intake, growth performance, feed efficiency, and/or protein efficiency ratio (De Francesco et al, 2004;Gómez-Requeni et al, 2004;Vilhelmsson et al, 2004;.…”