Effect of high‐fat and low‐fiber meals on the cell proliferation activity of colorectal mucosa

Grégoire, R.; Yeung, Ka Sing; Stadler, Jona; Stern, Hartley; Kashtan, Hanoch; Neil, Garry A.; Bruce, W. R.

doi:10.1080/01635589109514107

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the results from studies evaluating the effect of dietary fiber or SCFA administration on colorectal neoplasia or colonocyte proliferation are not conclusive because of inconsistent results from different studies (1,4,9,21,22,30). This is the first study to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on colonic mucosal proliferation and protein metabolism in healthy human subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of fiber intake on colonic disease is unclear because of conflicting results from different cross-sectional epidemiologic studies, longitudinal cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (30,14). In addition, data from studies that evaluated colonocyte proliferation, a presumed marker of colorectal polyp and cancer risk, found dietary fiber or its metabolites [i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] increased (7,8,19,23), decreased (1, 10, 17), or did not change proliferation rates (2,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects

Weerasooriya¹,

Rennie²,

Anant³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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. Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290: E1104 -E1108, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00557.2005.-Although it has been proposed that high fiber consumption can prevent proliferative diseases of the colon, the clinical data to support this hypothesis have been inconsistent. To provide a more robust measure of the effects of fiber on colonic mucosal growth than previous studies, we evaluated both cell proliferation and colonic mucosal protein synthesis in nine healthy volunteers after they consumed a typical Western diet (Ͻ20 g fiber/day) or a Western diet supplemented with wheat bran (24 g/day) in a randomized crossover design. Biopsies taken from the sigmoid colon were used to assess mucosal proliferation by determining proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in crypt cells and to assess mucosal protein synthetic rate using stable isotopically labeled leucine infusion. Fiber supplementation produced a 12% decrease in labeling index (%crypt cells stained with PCNA) (P Ͻ 0.001) and an 11% decrease in mucosal protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR; P Ͻ 0.05). Moreover, mucosal protein FSR correlated directly with labeling index (r 2 ϭ 0.22, P Ͻ 0.05). These data demonstrate that increased wheat bran consumption decreases colonic mucosal proliferation and support the potential importance of dietary fiber in preventing proliferative diseases of the colon. metabolism; cancer; short-chain fatty acids MORE THAN 35 YEARS AGO, Burkitt (6) hypothesized that dietary fiber can prevent proliferative diseases of the colon, such as colorectal cancer and polyposis syndromes. However, the effect of fiber intake on colonic disease is unclear because of conflicting results from different cross-sectional epidemiologic studies, longitudinal cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (30,14). In addition, data from studies that evaluated colonocyte proliferation, a presumed marker of colorectal polyp and cancer risk, found dietary fiber or its metabolites [i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] increased (7,8,19,23), decreased (1, 10, 17), or did not change proliferation rates (2, 9).Several factors have been proposed to explain the inconsistent relationship reported between fiber intake and colonic disease, including heterogeneity of dietary fiber, use of inadequate amounts of fiber to affect cellular metabolism, genetic differences in risk of polyps or colon cancer in study subjects, and limitations in the accuracy and precision of techniques used to measure colonocyte proliferation (14,15,32). Therefore, additional studies that address the limitations of previous investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of fiber on colon proliferation and metabolism. This issue has considerable physiological and clinical importance because of the notion that a typical Western diet, which contains Ͻ15 g/day of nonstarch polysaccharides, is considered inadequate for optimal for colonic health (15, 16).The purpose of the present study wa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects

Weerasooriya¹,

Rennie²,

Anant³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Faecal pH is lowered by a high intake of saturated fat in humans (Gregoire et al, 1991), and a high intake of saturated fat leads to a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids in the intestine (Brussaard et al, 1983), which will bind almost all calcium in the intestine. This will leave intestinal phosphate to be absorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum bile acids and risk factors for colorectal cancer

2004

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The ratio of deoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid in the serum of 62 men was inversely related to body mass index and to saturated fat intake after adjustment for body mass index, smoking, and age conversely, this ratio was associated positively with the intake of fibre from grains. Bile acids (BA) are potential risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). A small prospective study suggests that a high ratio of deoxycholic acid (DC) to cholic acid (CA) in serum is associated with an increased incidence of CRC (Costarelli et al, 2002). Based on a complete model of BA metabolism (Chaplin, 1998), it can be argued that the ratio of unconjugated DC to unconjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) in serum, in short the DC/CDC ratio, is relevant to CRC. Unconjugated DC in serum is regarded as being a biomarker for habitual colonic exposure to the cancerpromoting DC (Bayerdörffer et al, 1993), because the unconjugated BA is absorbed in the colon. The DC/CDC ratio may be a marker with high intraindividual reproducibility, because the colonic absorption of unconjugated DC is nearly equal to that of unconjugated CDC (Mekhjian et al, 1979) and the hepatic clearance of DC from the portal vein is equal to that of CDC (Ahlberg et al, 1977). The only difference between the variation of DC and that of CDC can be attributed to the dehydroxylation of the primary bile acid cholic acid (CA) to the secondary bile acid DC. The formation of CA, unlike that of CDC, is regulated by the amount of BA returning to the liver. If less unconjugated DC is returned, relatively more CA will be formed and the DC/CDC ratio in serum will be higher.We studied the relation between the DC/CDC ratio in serum and such CRC-promoting (dietary) factors as intake of energy, saturated fat, fibre, calcium, smoking and body mass index (Giovannucci, 2003). MATERIALS AND METHODSNonfasting blood specimens were collected from 121 men and women in the range of 20 -60 years old, who participated in the validation study of the Dutch food frequency questionnaire for the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) . The samples of the 62 men, from which the blood was drawn more than 4 h after a meal, were selected for analysis of individual BA in the serum, as described before (Salemans et al, 1993). Only men were selected for logistic reasons. RESULTSThe characteristics of the study subjects, the dietary intakes of nutrients and the concentrations of total unconjugated BA in serum are shown in Table 1. Dietary fibre from sources other than fruits and vegetables was derived mainly from grains. In all, 25% of the men were current smokers.Saturated fat intake was inversely related to the log of serum DC/ CDC ratio univariately, as well as after adjustment for potential confounding factors like body mass index, smoking age and (Table 2). Also, calcium intake was inversely associated to the log of serum DC/CDC ratio in univariate analyses, but disappeared in the adjusted models. Conversely, for total dietary fibre, a positive relation was observed in t...

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“…In vivo rat studies demonstrate that dietary fibre and fat mediate cell proliferation of the colon in an interactive, site-specific manner (Lee et al 1993). In vivo human studies indicate that a short-term increase in dietary fat and decrease in dietary fibre does not increase colonocyte proliferation rate, thus suggesting that long-term rather than acute exposure might be of significance in human subjects (Gregoire et al 1991).…”

Section: Implications For Colon Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The scientific rationale and clinical application of short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain triacylglycerols

1996

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Bases scientifiques et applications cliniques des lipides B chaine courte et des triacylglydrols i i chaine moyenne R E S U M ECette revue discute les bases scientifiques et les applications cliniques des lipides a chaine courte (LCC) et des triacylglycerols chaine moyenne (TCM).Les LCC sont produits dans le cdlon des mammifitres B la suite de la fermentation microbienne des fibres, de l'amidon non digCrC, et des protCines de l'alimentation. Leur concentration dans les segments diffkrents du cdlon est affectCe par l'apport alimentaire; ceci a des effets mktaboliques importants sur le colonocyte. Le butyrate, un des trois LCC les plus importants, a Ct C impliquC comme agent protecteur dans la pathogknitse du cancer du cdlon. Les LCC stimulent l'absorption du chlorure de Na et de l'eau dans la lumiitre du c6lon. Le butyrate a des effets trophiques sur la muqueuse normale du cdlon in vivo et stimule la proliferation physiologique des colonocytes normaux in vitro. En revanche, il bloque la croissance des colonocytes nkoplastiques et inhibe l'hyperprolifkration prCnCoplastique induite par certains carcinogitnes in vitro. Le butyrate induit une diffkrenciation histologique des lignkes cellulaires du cancer du c6lon en parallitle avec des augmentations dans l'expression des marqueurs de la diffkrenciation des colonocytes. I1 inhibe Cgalement l'expression de plusieurs protooncogitnes importants dans la carcinogknitse colorectale. Des Ctudes plus poussCes s'imposent pour Cvaluer les effets thkrapeutiques potentiels du butyrate in vivo, et pour comprendre son ou ses mkcanismes d'action.Les Cmulsions de lipides disponibles se composent de triacylglydrols B chaine longues (TCL) qui fournissent de 1'Cnergie aussi bien que des acides gras essentiels tels que l'acide 1inolCique. Cependant, le mCtabolisme des TCL est plus lent que celui des TCM, et plus de 50% des lipides dCrivCs des TCL sont stock& sous forme de graisses, au lieu d'etre oxydkes pour fournir de l'knergie. Une oxydation rapide, un transport independant de la carnitine vers les mitochondries (site de cette oxydation), et la capacitC de fournir un apport rapide d'Cnergie par deux mCcanismes (P-oxydation et formation de corps cktoniques), font des TCM une source d'Cnergie thkoriquement avantageuse (en particulier dans le cas d'Ctats cliniques dkficients en carnitine tels que les traumatismes, les Ctats septiques ou les chocs graves).

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Effect of high‐fat and low‐fiber meals on the cell proliferation activity of colorectal mucosa

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects

Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects

Serum bile acids and risk factors for colorectal cancer

The scientific rationale and clinical application of short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain triacylglycerols

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