Effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, on bacterial enzymes and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in colon cancer rats: a dose-dependent study

Abstract

Hesperetin, an important bioactive compound in Chinese traditional medicine, has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Hesperetin is found in abundance in orange and grape juices (200-590 mg L(-1)) consumed in the daily diet. We have investigated the effect of different doses of hesperetin on faecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups and were fed a modified pellet diet for 16 weeks. Group 1 served as control and group 2 received the modified pellet diet along with hesperetin (30 mg kg(-1)). The rats in groups 3-6 rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg kg(-1)) for the first four weeks. Hesperetin was supplemented orally at different doses (10, 20 or 30 mg kg(-1)) for a total of 16 weeks. At the end of the experimental period all rats were killed. In DMH-treated rats, the activity of faecal and colonic mucosal bacterial enzymes, such as beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, nitroreductase, sulfatase and mucinase, were significantly elevated, but in rats supplemented hesperetin along with DMH the activity was significantly lowered (P < 0.05). The total number of aberrant crypts was significantly increased in unsupplemented DMH-treated rats, while hesperetin supplementation to DMH-treated rats significantly reduced the total number of crypts. The results demonstrated that hesperetin supplementation at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1) played a potent role in suppressing the formation of aberrant crypt foci and reducing the activity of bacterial enzymes in colon cancer.

Retracted: Antiproliferative Efficacy of Hesperetin (Citrus Flavanoid) in 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine‐Induced Colon Cancer

“…Hesperetin powder was suspended in 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and each rat received daily 1 ml as suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The dose of hesperetin (20 mg/kg body weight) was selected based on our previously reported findings in rats-induced colon cancer (Aranganathan et al, 2008).…”

Cardioprotective Effects of Hesperetin against Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Rat

“…Hesperetin possesses multiple of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive and anti-atherogenic effects [15,16]. It has been found to show neuroprotective effects in mice, anti-convulsive effect in the rat hippocampus in vitro, prevention of DMBA-induced mammary cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats, protection against oxidative stress in diabetic rats and suppression of the formation of aberrant crypt foci in colon cancerinduced rats [17][18][19][20][21]. It shows antioxidant property due to its ability to penetrate within the lipid bilayers [22].…”

An insight into the role of citrus bioactives in modulation of colon cancer

“…A reduction in these enzymes can be proposed to lower the risk factor associated with colon cancer. Investigations were carried out by Aranganathan, Selvam, and Nalini (2008) to examine the potent role of hesperetin in altering these enzymes. The oral administration of hesperetin (20 mg/kg; 16 weeks) was found to significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the undesirable faecal and mucosal enzymes resulting in 75% reduction in incidence of ACF formation in rats.…”