Effect of heat treatments on microstructural evolution of additively manufactured and wrought 17-4PH stainless steel

Sun, Yu; Hebert, Rainer J.; Aindow, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.07.015

Cited by 186 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Such effect is in the opposite to the high-strength structural steels [18] and advanced steels for power plants [19]. Application of solution treatment before aging results in decreasing the quantity of delta ferrite and improves its resistance [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Ziewiec

Zielińska‐Lipiec

Kowalska

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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The paper presents the results of the investigation of microstructure of the welded X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (17-4PH) steel after solution treatment and aging at 620°C for different periods. The microstructure and the phase composition of the steel was investigated using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness was measured for samples aged at different times. Density distributions of Cu precipitates were established. The investigation has shown that the microstructure of the X5CrNiCuNb16-4 steel welds after aging at 620 ° C consists of tempered martensite, fine Cu precipitates and austenite. It was observed that the size of the Cu precipitates increases with increasing the aging time, what affects the decrease of hardness. Simultaneously, the quantity of reversed austenite increases with increase of aging time. It was revealed that enrichment of the austenite in Ni, Cu and C affects the increase of Ms, but this factor does not determine the stability of austenite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Ziewiec

Zielińska‐Lipiec

Kowalska

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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“…Some of the literature claimed that the as-built microstructure via L-PBF contains martensite and retained austenite (metastable phase at room temperature) [26,27,95,98,[119][120][121][122], completely different from that of a wrought 17-4 PH stainless steel, which is fully martensitic. However, Alnajjar et al [117] and Sun et al [123] respectively reported a fully δ-ferrite microstructure (based on Figure 2) and a dominantly ferrite microstructure ( Figure 3) with small grains at melt-pool boundaries comprising bcc martensitic laths and equiaxed fcc austenite grains. Strictly speaking, all the above statements on phase composition cannot be warranted by their Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, since the martensite in the 17-4 steel has a nearly bcc structure (essentially without interstitials, very low carbon concentration) and appears as "ferrite" in X-ray diffraction and in EBSD.…”

Section: Microstructure In As L-pbfed Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interface area of the deposited layer and the boundary of the molten pool disappear completely. Sun [123] reported that the microstructure of the solid solution heat-treated AM sample is finer and more uniform than that of the AM sample. The {100} texture of the original columnar ferrite grains was eliminated, and the volume fraction of the retained austenite was reduced by condition A (solutionizing treatment), as shown in Figure 4c,d.…”

Section: Microstructure After Heat Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Zai

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Martensitic stainless steels are widely used in industries due to their high strength and good corrosion resistance performance. Precipitation-hardened (PH) martensitic stainless steels feature very high strength compared with other stainless steels, around 3-4 times the strength of austenitic stainless steels such as 304 and 316. However, the poor workability due to the high strength and hardness induced by precipitation hardening limits the extensive utilization of PH stainless steels as structural components of complex shapes. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an attractive additive manufacturing technology, which not only exhibits the advantages of producing complex and precise parts with a short lead time, but also avoids or reduces the subsequent machining process. In this review, the microstructures of martensitic stainless steels in the as-built state, as well as the effects of process parameters, building atmosphere, and heat treatments on the microstructures, are reviewed. Then, the characteristics of defects in the as-built state and the causes are specifically analyzed. Afterward, the effect of process parameters and heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties are summarized and reviewed. Finally, the remaining issues and suggestions on future research on L-PBF of martensitic precipitation-hardened stainless steels are put forward.Metals 2020, 10, 255 2 of 25 types of microstructures can be obtained with different heat treatment processes [9]. The typical temperature range for aging heat treatment for this alloy is 480-620 • C [1]. Under the H900 condition (aging temperature: 482 • C, time: 1 h), the precipitation in 17-4 PH stainless steel begins with Cu-rich precipitates (bcc, body center cubic) that maintain a coherent relationship with the matrix, which would lead to an increase in tensile strength and toughness [4]. These precipitates can transform into non-coherent Cu-rich particles (fcc, face center cubic) after extended aging at 400 • C [5]. After experiencing over-aging, the precipitates are coarsened. The number of precipitates is reduced, and the coherence relationship is also destroyed [6,10]. These changes together lead to a decrease in mechanical strength, but an increase in ductility and impact toughness.PH stainless steels are widely used in the aerospace industry [11,12], the marine industry [13], nuclear reactor components [14], chemical process equipment [15], and medical apparatus due to their high tensile strength, impact strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance at typical service temperatures below 300 • C [15,16]. Most of these parts are important load-bearing components of heavy machinery in a demanding service environment. However, PH stainless steels have poor workability and machinability due to their high strength and high hardness, which result in a long production cycle and difficulties in obtaining desired shapes through conventional machining and forming processes [17].Due to the high strength and high hardness of PH steels, they are difficult to b...

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“…With the characteristics of anti-corrosion, resist-to-abrasion and high mechanical strength, 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic stainless steel is widely used in structural components of the equipment in marine construction, chemical industries and power plants with a year-to-year consumption increase [1]. Recently, many studies about 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic stainless steel focus on its heat treatment processes, surface coating methods or the properties during additive manufacturing [2][3][4][5]. Generally, hot forging process is the effective method to form the shape and refine the grains for the parts made of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow stress modeling, processing maps and microstructure evolution of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb Martensitic stainless steel during hot plastic deformation

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The hot deformation behavior of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb stainless steel at the temperatures from 950°C to 1250°C and strain rates from 0.01 s −1 to 5 s −1 was investigated on the basis of test data obtained by Gleeble1500D thermo-simulation machine. A two-stage flow stress constitutive model incorporating the effects of the strain rate and temperature on the deformation behavior is proposed. The stressstrain relations of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb steel predicted by the proposed model agree well with the experimental results. Moreover, the hot processing maps are also investigated. Combined with the microstructure evolution analysis, the appropriate hot forming processing parameters of 05Cr17Ni4-Cu4Nb steel is proposed in the temperature range of 1000-1100°C and strain rate range of 0.01-0.02 s −1 .

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Effect of heat treatments on microstructural evolution of additively manufactured and wrought 17-4PH stainless steel

Cited by 186 publications

References 35 publications

Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steels: A Review

Flow stress modeling, processing maps and microstructure evolution of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb Martensitic stainless steel during hot plastic deformation

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