Effect of handling and feeding strategies in the environmental performance of buffalo milk in Northeastern Brazil

Environmental life cycle assessment of cow milk in a conventional semi-intensive Brazilian production system

“…Soares et al ( 2019 ) also related that mineral extraction and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in non-organic agricultural practices showed an important hotspot for the use of fossil resources in buffalo milk production.…”

“…Similarly, Roer et al (2013) observed forage production as the main contributing factor for the category, ranging from 60 to 71% of environmental load. Soares et al (2019) also related that mineral extraction and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in non-organic agricultural practices showed an important hotspot for the use of fossil resources in buffalo milk production.…”

“…Léis et al ( 2015 ) investigated the carbon footprint of milk production, thus, not including other impact categories. Recently, Brazilian LCA studies on milk and dairy products of buffalo (Soares et al 2019 ; Alves et al 2019 ) and goat (Cabral et al 2020 ) have been published. Moreover, Ruviaro et al ( 2020 ) used the life cycle perspective to assess economic costs by dairy production systems in Southern Brazil.…”

The Human Perspective in Consumer Ethics and Animal Welfare Issues: Envisioning a Future for Change

“…In this context, the agro-food sector assumes an active role since the production dynamics related to it, mainly agriculture and livestock, are indicated as waterconsuming activities and producers of direct pollutants of soil (nitrogen and phosphorus), of water systems (demand for biochemical oxygen and solid suspensions) and air (biogas and nitrogen oxides) [1,2]. The need for these resources and the processes of industrialization, and urbanization, together with the increase in mobility, lead to reduction and degradation of agricultural land up to its desertification [3,4].…”