Effect of Guizhi Decoction (桂枝汤) on heart rate variability and regulation of cardiac autonomic nervous imbalance in diabetes mellitus rats

Xiao, Li; Jiang, Yuehua; Jiang, Ping; Yang, Jinlong; Ma, Daifu; Yang, Chuanhua

doi:10.1007/s11655-014-1861-z

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[ 9 ]. Modern pharmacological researches and the clinic experience have proved that GZD usually serve as antibacterial, analgesic, anti-anaphylaxis and antipyretic therapy as well as for the adjustment of enterokinesia, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac autonomic nervous balance [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. However, up to now, there has been little reference to the absorbed components and metabolic compounds of GZD in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profiling and Identification of the Absorbed Constituents and Metabolites of Guizhi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Urine by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Xiang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Guizhi decoction (GZD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription consisting of Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Jujubae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, is usually used for the treatment of common colds, influenza, and other pyretic conditions in the clinic. However, the absorbed ingredients and metabolic compounds of GZD have not been reported. In this paper, a method incorporating rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify ingredients after oral administration of GZD. Identification of the primary components in GZD, drug-containing serum and urine samples was carried out in order to investigate the assimilation and metabolites of the decoction in vivo. By comparing the total ion chromatograms (TICs) of GZD, a total of 71 constituents were detected or characterized. By comparing TICs of blank and dosed rat plasma, a total of 15 constituents were detected and identified as prototypes according to their retention time (tR) and MS, MS/MS data. Based on this, neutral loss scans of 80 and 176 Da in samples of rat plasma and urine helped us to identify most of the metabolites. Results showed that the predominant metabolic pathways of (epi) catechin and gallic acid were sulfation, methylation, glucuronidation and dehydroxylation; the major metabolic pathways of flavone were hydrolysis, sulfation and glucuronidation. Furthermore, degradation, oxidation and ring fission were found to often occur in the metabolism process of GZD in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profiling and Identification of the Absorbed Constituents and Metabolites of Guizhi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Urine by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Xiang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…Untreated STZ‐induced chronic diabetic rats showed significant increases in SBP, DBP and MAP, but a decrease in heart rate, when compared to normal control rats. The decrease in heart rate of STZ‐induced diabetic rats was also reported by previous investigators (Sanyal et al ., , Li et al ., ). It has been proposed that in the process of STZ induced diabetes, the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve are both injured resulting in sympathetic‐vagal imbalance which begins with parasympathetic nerve failure in the very early stages followed by sympathetic nerve failure in the later stages, finally causing a decrease in heart rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Protocatechuic Acid Restores Vascular Responses in Rats With Chronic Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin

et al. 2015

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Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been reported to exert antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were maintained in a state of hyperglycemia for 12 weeks. Then, PCA (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally or insulin (4 U/kg/day) was subcutaneous injected to the rats for 6 weeks. Blood pressure, vascular responses to vasoactive agents, vascular superoxide production, blood glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes were examined. The diabetic rats showed weight loss, insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, increased oxidative stress, decreased plasma nitric oxide, elevated blood pressure, increased vascular response to phenylephrine and decreased vascular responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. PCA significantly decreased blood glucose and oxidative stress, and increased plasma nitric oxide in diabetic rats. Interestingly, PCA treatment restored blood pressure and vascular reactivity, and antioxidant enzyme activity diabetic rats. This study provides the first evidence of the efficacy of PCA in restoring the vascular reactivity of diabetic rats. The mechanism of action may be associated with an alleviation of oxidative stress.

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“…At 12 weeks of age, the NS and HS groups were fed with physiological saline at 2 mL/day, while 2 mL/4.0 g of GZD crude drug/kg/day was administered to the GZD group according to the results of a previous study. [9] Collection of left ventricle tissue At the end of the experiment, all the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium. The left ventricle of each rat was carefully isolated and cut into three parts.…”

Section: Preparation Of Guizhi Decoction and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guizhi decoction (GZD) is a classical TCM prescription for the treatment of Ying-Wei disharmony. [9] GZD is composed of ve Chinese medicinal herbs: Cinnamomi ramulus (Guizhi, GZ), Paeoniae radix alba (Baishao, BS), licorice (Gancao, GC), Zingiber o cinale roscoe (Shengjiang, SJ), and Jujubae fructus (Dazao, DZ). Our previous study showed that GZD not only effectively reduced blood pressure, but also prevented myocardial brosis, restored balance in the autonomic nervous system, and inhibited the expression of pro-in ammatory cytokines in the Dahl saltsensitive rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] Additionally, we found that GZD could signi cantly improve the heart rate variability and the activity of the vagus nerve associated with the progression of hypertension. [9] However, the underlying mechanisms and targets of GZD against hypertension are not fully understood, which have impeded its clinical practice. Further research should be conducted to provide scienti c evidences regarding the clinical usage of GZD in hypertension treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Mechanism of Guizhi Decoction in Hypertension Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat Model

Chen

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Guizhi decoction (GZD), a classical Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms in the treatment of hypertension using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods The active ingredients and corresponding targets were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets related to hypertension were identified from multiple databases, and multiple networks were constructed to identify key compounds, hub targets, and main biological processes and pathways of GZD against hypertension. The Surflex-Dock software was used to validate the binding affinity between key targets and their corresponding active compounds. The Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension. Results A total of 112 active ingredients, 222 targets of GZD and 341 hypertension- related targets were obtained. Furthermore, 56 overlapping targets were identified, five of which were determined as the hub targets to perform experimental verification, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2), and MMP9. Pathway enrichment

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Effect of Guizhi Decoction (桂枝汤) on heart rate variability and regulation of cardiac autonomic nervous imbalance in diabetes mellitus rats

Abstract: Guizhi Decoction was effective in improving the function of the vagus nerve, and it could alleviate autonomic nerve damage.

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

The Profiling and Identification of the Absorbed Constituents and Metabolites of Guizhi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Urine by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The Profiling and Identification of the Absorbed Constituents and Metabolites of Guizhi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Urine by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Protocatechuic Acid Restores Vascular Responses in Rats With Chronic Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin

Potential Mechanism of Guizhi Decoction in Hypertension Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat Model

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