Protocatechuic Acid Restores Vascular Responses in Rats With Chronic Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been reported to exert antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were maintained in a state of hyperglycemia for 12 weeks. Then, PCA (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally or insulin (4 U/kg/day) was subcutaneous injected to the rats for 6 weeks. Blood pressure, vascular responses to vasoactive agents, vascular superoxide production, blood glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes were examined. The diabetic rats showed weight loss, insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, increased oxidative stress, decreased plasma nitric oxide, elevated blood pressure, increased vascular response to phenylephrine and decreased vascular responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. PCA significantly decreased blood glucose and oxidative stress, and increased plasma nitric oxide in diabetic rats. Interestingly, PCA treatment restored blood pressure and vascular reactivity, and antioxidant enzyme activity diabetic rats. This study provides the first evidence of the efficacy of PCA in restoring the vascular reactivity of diabetic rats. The mechanism of action may be associated with an alleviation of oxidative stress.

Sinapinic and protocatechuic acids found in rapeseed: isolation, characterisation and potential benefits for human health as functional food ingredients

“…PCA was found to cause significant reductions in the high diastolic, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures observed in chronically diabetic rats. PCA also ameliorated diabetes-induced high blood pressure by restoring the reduced vascular reactivity in the diabetic rats (Semaming et al, 2016). This improved reactivity was exemplified by the restoration of the vasoconstriction and vasodilation responses following PCA treatment.…”

“…Research on these phenolic compounds has suggested that they possess diverse bioactive properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and anti-inflammatory activities, in addition to a role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (Yun et al, 2008;Balaji et al, 2015;Ju et al, 2015;Semaming et al, 2016;Talagavadi et al, 2016). Given these potent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (IRS-1/PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway, leading to increased glucose uptake.…”

Blocking 5-HT2 receptor restores cardiovascular disorders in type 1 experimental diabetes

“…Semaming et al . 50 have already established that the endothelium-independent relaxation by SNP was damage in streptozotocin-induced T1D (6-weeks duration) in Sprague-Dawley rats, however our T1D model demonstrates that endothelial-independent relaxation induced by SNP was not affected either by alloxan administration or by treatment with sarpogrelate, which allows us to rule out an alteration on the vascular smooth muscle. What is more, these results are in agreement with several authors reporting no impairment in endothelium-independent relaxation 6 51 52 .…”

Tupistra nutans Wall. root extract, rich in phenolics, inhibits microbial growth and α-glucosidase activity, while demonstrating strong antioxidant potential

“…It is likely that the phenolic compounds, some of which recorded in this study, might be a major contributor for the α-glucosidase inhibition. It has been shown that protocatechuic acid act as a good antioxidant and hyperglycemic agent by improving vascular response in diabetic rats (Semaming et al 2015). In the similar studies, Amalan and Vijayakumar (2015) reported a potential antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of p-coumaric acid which can renovate the plasma glucose, insulin, lipid peroxidative products and enzymatic antioxidants.…”