Effect of growth regulator Kelpak SL on the formation of aboveground biomass of Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus

Abstract

A study on the cultivation of <em>Festulolium braunii</em> cv. 'Felopa' was carried out using polyurethane rings with a diameter of 36 cm and a height of 40 cm, which were sunk into the ground to a depth of 30 cm and filled with soil material. In this experiment, Kelpak SL was used as a bioregulator. It consists of natural plant hormones such as auxins (11 mg in dm³) and cytokinins (0.03 mg in dm³). The experimental factors were as follows: A1-control; A2 – 20% solution of the growth regulator; A3 – 40% solution; and A4 – 60% solution. The preparation was applied to all three regrowths in the form of spray, at a rate of 3 cm³ ring^-1, at the stem elongation stage. The full period of this experiment was in the years 2010–2011. During this time, detailed investigations were carried out on aboveground biomass yield (g DM ring^-1), number of shoots (pcs ring^-1), leaf blade length (cm), width of the leaf blade base (mm), leaf greenness index (SPAD). The study showed a significant effect of the growth regulator on the formation of <em>Festulolium braunii</em> biomass. However, its highest effectiveness was observed when the 60% solution was applied

Health Parameters of Potato Tubers under the Influence of Soil Applied Bio-Preparations and Bio-Stimulants

“…Cytokinins have an impact on the enhancement and growth of the plant root system [106,107]. Therefore, the results obtained are not surprising; they only confirm the yield-enhancing role of PGPEm [108][109][110]. The conducted research study has shown that PGPEm protects potato tubers against silver scurf better than MSADs (Figure 4).…”

Probiotics Enhance Cereal Yield and Quality and Modify Agrochemical Soil Properties

“…ProbioHumus had the most marked effect on the growth of oats, with a 22% increase in plant height compared to the control plants, and an average increase of 14% in wheat treated with ProbioHumus. According to scientific data, increased plant growth with non-microbial inoculants was in some cases associated with increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content and improved plant nutrient status [ 41 ]. It has been reported in the literature that Kelpak treatment of seaweed resulted in a 10% increase in chlorophyll content compared to control plants [ 42 ].…”

Biostimulants in the Production of Forage Grasses and Turfgrasses

“…Kelpak is the brand name of a biostimulant containing Ecklonia maxima extract. In the work of Sosnowski [41], Kelpak extract from Ecklonia maxima increased biomass yield, number of shoots and leaf length in Festulolium braunii. The greenness index of leaves in plots sprayed with the highest concentration (60%) of Ecklonia maxima extract Kelpak was characterized by significantly higher SPAD values.…”

“…Humic and fulvic acids Festulolium braunii K. Richt. A. Camus increased hemicellulose content, decreased non-structural carbohydrates content [38] Humic and fulvic acids annual bluegrass increased internalization of bacteria into root cells, promoted vertical root growth, enhanced root hair elongation, potential rhizophagy-and endophytism-enhancing properties [32] Humic and fulvic acids rough bluegrass no significant effect on growth or N and P uptake [36] Humic and fulvic acids orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) altered content of proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrates [35,[60][61][62][63] Humic and fulvic acids perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) enhanced dry matter digestibility and reduced content of structural carbohydrates and lignin [45] Seaweed extracts perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) improved dry matter digestibility and reduced content of structural carbohydrates and lignin [45] Seaweed extracts annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) improved yields [35] Seaweed extracts Festulolium Braunii increased biomass yield, enhanced number of shoots, longer leaf length, higher SPAD values [41] Seaweed extracts orchard grass altered content of proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrates [35,[60][61][62][63] Effective microorganisms perennial ryegrass reduced soil microorganisms, no effect on plant growth, improved chemical composition (increased CP, P, chlorophyll; decreased CF, K, Ca) [44] Effective microorganisms annual ryegrass expanded carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, increased crude ash content, improved digestibility, increased dry matter yield, natural yield increase [64][65][66][67] Effective microorganisms orchard grass and perennial ryegrass increased dry matter yield, crude protein content and soluble carbohydrates, increased cellulose and hemicellulose content [37,39] Effective microorganisms various grasses no significant effect on nutritional value (NDF, ADF, dry matter intake, digestibility) [68] Table 3. Cont.…”