Effect of Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Cleome amblyocarpa on Controlling Chickpea Wilt

Abstract

The antifungal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Cleome amblyocarpa was investigated against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (MW485609) the cause of chickpea wilt. Experimental results showed that the growth of F. oxysporum started to reach 50 % inhibition at 80 𝜇g/mL of AgNPs and also with 150 𝜇g/mL plant extract. The highest reduction % on the mycelial growth was 60.4 ± 0.00 and 67.4±1.16mm with plant extract and green synthesized nanoparticles, respectively. Data also revealed that the most effective concentration of green AgNPs solution was, 200 µl/mL, which showed 5.18 % and 9.79 % early and late wilt incidence. On the other hand, early and late wilt incidence recorded 11.24 % and 16 % due to plant extract. Meanwhile, plant survival rates were 85.03 % and 72.76 %, respectively, whereas the untreated control plants recorded only 4.85 % survivals. Images proved that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles affected the morphology of fungal hyphae grown on media supplemented with (AgNPs) solution and nanoparticles appeared in fungal cell walls compared with the effect of plant extract and with fungal hypha of control plates. Moreover, observations with TEM and SEM revealed that synthesized nanoparticles damaged fungal hyphae, causing the deformation of cell membranes and inhibition of the normal budding process. The solution of AgNPs illustrates good stability at -19.8 mV at an area of 100 %, a width of 6.75 mV. The size of AgNPs ranged from 6.06 to 40.9 nm; Mean = 20.088 nm, Dev (rms) = 7.2 nm. This research demonstrates that (AgNPs) can be employed as a safe and environmentally acceptable alternative in controlling pathogenic fungi, and limits dependence on fungicides and avoids the development of fungicide-resistant phytopathogenic generations. The green synthesis of nanoparticles with the help of C. amblyocarpa was considered a practicable and environmentally friendly way.

Preliminary screening of endophytic fungi hosted some wild plants in North Sinai for biogenic production of silver nanoparticles

“…Table (1) presents abundance (A) and colonization frequency (CF) of the isolated fungal taxa on media incubated at 25 °C. Additionally, the table depicts the frequency class assigned to each taxon based on its isolation frequency.…”

“…Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in modern material science, offering a dynamic and innovative realm of research exploration (Khan & Rizivi 2014;El-Sayed & Kamel 2020;Meena et al 2021). Its rapid advancements are revolutionizing the field of life sciences, particularly biotechnology and biomedical science.…”

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles green biosynthesis from the extract of Zygophyllum album (L.f.) on Fusarium wilt

“…AgNPs were created using the green biosynthesis method, as described by Elsharawy et al (2023). As a reagent solution, an aqueous solution of AgNO 3 was used.…”

“…Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles is safe and eco-friendly. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by bacteria, fungi and plants was carried out (Yu et al 2019;ElSharawy et al 2023). There are several methods of preparing silver nanoparticles.…”