Effect of grafting methods on physiological change of graft union formation in cucumber grafted onto bottle gourd rootstock

Li, Miao; Li, Shuzhen; Bai, Longqiang; Anwar, Ali; Li, Yansu; He, Chunguang; Yu, Xianchang

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.09.061

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The pumpkin seeds were sown three days before the cucumber seeds. When cotyledons of the scion were fully open and the first true leaf of the rootstock started to develop (9–10 d after sowing), the plants were grafted using the hole insertion grafting method as previously described (Miao et al, 2018) (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants

Qin

Gao

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a commonly used high-throughput technique to measure mRNA transcript levels. The accuracy of this evaluation of gene expression depends on the use of optimal reference genes. Cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, made by grafting a cucumber scion onto pumpkin rootstock, are superior to either parent plant, as grafting conveys many advantages. However, although many reliable reference genes have been identified in both cucumber and pumpkin, none have been obtained for cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants. Methods In this work, 12 candidate reference genes, including eight traditional genes and four novel genes identified from our transcriptome data, were selected to assess their expression stability. Their expression levels in 25 samples, including three cucumber and three pumpkin samples from different organs, and 19 cucumber–pumpkin grafted samples from different organs, conditions, and varieties, were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the stability of their expression was assessed by the comparative ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. Results The results showed that the most suitable reference gene varied dependent on the organs, conditions, and varieties. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable reference genes for all samples in our research. TIP41 and CACS showed the most stable expression in different cucumber organs, TIP41 and PP2A were the optimal reference genes in pumpkin organs, and CACS and 40SRPS8 were the most stable genes in all grafted cucumber samples. However, the optimal reference gene varied under different conditions. CACS and 40SRPS8 were the best combination of genes in different organs of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants, TUA and RPL36Aa were the most stable in the graft union under cold stress, LEA26 and ARF showed the most stable expression in the graft union during the healing process, and TIP41 and PP2A were the most stable across different varieties of cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants. The use of LEA26, ARF and LEA26+ARF as reference genes were further verified by analyzing the expression levels of csaCYCD3;1, csaRUL, cmoRUL, and cmoPIN in the graft union at different time points after grafting. Discussion This work is the first report of appropriate reference genes in grafted cucumber plants and provides useful information for the study of gene expression and molecular mechanisms in cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants

Qin

Gao

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…CAT activity was determined using an earlier method ( Miao et al 2019 ). Following the manufacturer’s instructions, 0.2 ml enzyme solution, 1.5 ml phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), and 1 ml distilled water were added separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Quercetin on the Growth and Expression of Immune-Pathway-Related Genes in Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Guo-qing

Kang

Ren

et al. 2020

Journal of Insect Science

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Quercetin is a flavonoid produced as a defense by plants. The effects of 1% quercetin on the growth and development of Bombyx mori were studied. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), carboxy-lesterase (CarEs), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were all measured at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after quercetin exposure. The results show that quercetin induces the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. With longer exposure times, enzyme activity first increased and then decreased. The relative expressions of AMP (defensin, CecA), the Toll pathway (cactus, Spatzle, and Rel), the IMD pathway (Imd, Fadd, and Dorsal), the JAK-STAT pathway (STAT, HOP, and Pi3k60), and the Melanization gene (DDC and PAH) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicated that long-term exposure to quercetin could inhibit the expression of immune-related pathway genes in silkworms. This suggests that it can inhibit the activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, thus inhibiting the immune system and affecting the growth and development, resulting in an increase in the death rate in silkworm. This study provides the novel conclusion that quercetin accumulation inhibits the immune system of silkworm and increases its death rate, a result that may promote the development and utilization of better biopesticides that avoid environmental pollution.

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“…The high expression of genes (Cookson et al, 2013 ; Assunção et al, 2019b ; Xie et al, 2019 ) and the accumulation of proteins (Wang et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2017 ) associated with different elements of the antioxidant system is frequently observed at the graft interface in homo-grafts. Some studies have measured the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes during homo-graft formation, but frequently not at the graft interface itself or without adequate intact plants or stem control samples (Fernandez-Garcia et al, 2004 ; Miao et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Identifying Redox Markers Of Grafting Success And/or Graft Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Molecular Markers of Successful Graft Union Formation and Compatibility

Loupit

Cookson

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Grafting is a technique used for millennia for vegetative propagation, especially in perennial fruit crops. This method, used on woody and herbaceous plants, can improve several agronomic characteristics, such as yield or vigor, as well as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some scion/rootstock combinations suffer from poor graft compatibility, i.e., they are unable to form and/or sustain a successful graft union. Identifying symptoms of graft incompatibility is difficult because they are not always present in the first years after grafting and in most cases the causes of incompatibility are still poorly understood. Studies of changes in transcript abundance during graft union formation indicate that grafting responses are similar to responses to wounding and include the differential expression of genes related to hormone signaling, oxidative stress, formation of new vascular vessels, cell development, and secondary metabolites, in particular polyphenols. This review summarizes current knowledge of the changes in transcript abundance, redox status and metabolites accumulation during graft union formation and in cases of graft incompatibility. The goal of this review is to discuss the possibility of identifying marker transcripts, enzyme activities and/or metabolites of grafting success and graft compatibility which could be used to score grafting success for genetic research and in breeding programs. We highlight gaps in current knowledge and potential research directions in this field.

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Effect of grafting methods on physiological change of graft union formation in cucumber grafted onto bottle gourd rootstock

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants

Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and cucumber–pumpkin grafted plants

Effects of Quercetin on the Growth and Expression of Immune-Pathway-Related Genes in Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Identifying Molecular Markers of Successful Graft Union Formation and Compatibility

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