Effect of gold nanoparticles on mice splenomegaly induced by schistosomiasis mansoni

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is still one of the main parasitic diseases that affect human health in tropical regions. Whilst praziquantel (PZQ) is the main classic antischistosomal drug, the need for new drugs is still a must due to the low effectiveness of the drug on the schistosome young worms, and the evolving of PZQ resistant strains. Nanotechnology is one of the most important recent and current methods used to treat human diseases including parasitic ones. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the curative role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on splenic tissue of mice infected with Sambon, 1907. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used for characterization of nanoparticles (NP). GNPs of 1 mg/kg mice body weight were inoculated into mice infected with. The parasite caused deteriorations in histological architecture of the spleen tissue, and splenomegaly. Additionally, the parasite induced a significant reduction in splenic tissue glutathione levels; however, the concentrations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were significantly increased. Treatment of mice with GNPs reduced the extent of histological impairment and oxidative stress in spleen tissue. Therefore, our results demonstrate the protective role of GNPs against splenic damage in mice infected with

Evaluation of nanoselenium and nanogold activities against murine intestinal schistosomiasis

“…Antischistosomal role of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against hepatic injury in mice was demonstrated by Dkhil et al (2016a), additionally, the team has presented the antischistosomal activity of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in different tissues of mice e.g. liver, brain, kidney and spleen respectively (Dkhil et al, 2015a, Dkhil et al, 2015b, Dkhil et al, 2016a, Dkhil et al, 2016b, Dkhil et al, 2017, Pica-Mattoccia et al, 2009).…”

“…It is well-known that the pathogenic effects of the parasite on the mammalian definitive hosts is not principally related to the adult worms (Gryseels et al, 2006), but results from the chronic inflammatory granulomatous reactions in response to the massive egg production by the parasite in the liver and other tissues such as intestine, spleen, bladder, and lungs (Araujo et al, 2010, Wang et al, 2015, Dkhil et al, 2017). Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is the most widespread disease caused by this parasite in Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname (WHO, 2015).…”

“…Intestinal and/or urinary system bleeding and hepatosplenomegaly are the major pathological symptoms of chronic schistosomiasis (Burke et al, 2009). It was found that mice chronically infected with S. mansoni suffer from intestinal inflammation and granulomatous reactions in the mucosa and submucosa (Bauomy et al, 2014), and enlargement of both the liver (Chen et al, 1993) and spleen (Chen, 1993, Dkhil et al, 2017). The intestine represents the major organ of food digestion and nutrient absorption, in addition to its immune role; therefore, migration of schistosome eggs through its wall induces mucosal inflammation, pseudopolyps, ulceration and bleeding (Cheever et al, 1978).…”

“…Therefore, looking for other safe and effective antischistosomal drugs to replace, or be used in association with PZQ, was and still is a necessity. Therefore, the current research is an extension to a series of studies made by Dkhil et al, 2015a, Dkhil et al, 2015b, Dkhil et al, 2016a, Dkhil et al, 2016b, Dkhil et al, 2017 to address the therapeutic antischistosomal effects of the NPs of both selenium and gold on the jejunum of mice infected with the S. mansoni .…”

Effect of engineered nanoparticles on soil biota: Do they improve the soil quality and crop production or jeopardize them?

“…On the other hand, for the control of parasites in public health and insects' vectors, the bioactivity of Au NPs has been studied in selected insect species of economic relevance such as primary mosquito vectors of dengue and Zika virus, malaria parasites, and lymphatic filariasis, such as Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)(Benelli et al, 2017). Also, the toxicity of AuNPs has been investigated in intestinal parasites as Schistosoma trematodes(Dkhil, Khalil, Diab, Bauomy, & Al-Quraishy, 2017) and other parasites of public health interest such as Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux), Trypanosoma spp., and Cryptosporidium parvum(Subramaniam et al, 2016). These researches provided evidence of controlled release or discharge for control insect pests using ENPs.…”