Effect of Glutathione Infusion on Leg Arterial Circulation, Cutaneous Microcirculation, and Pain-Free Walking Distance in Patients With Peripheral Obstructive Arterial Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Effect of postconditioning on mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental aortic cross-clamping

“…This protocol protected muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain activities, consistent with recent reports that postconditioning decreased neutrophil accumulation and/or enhanced muscle content of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate or contractility after IR25, 28, 30, 32, possibly through reduced inflammation and decreased immediate myocardial dysfunction (allowing skeletal muscle blood flow to be maintained during reperfusion). Furthermore, the present data showed that postconditioning reduced ROS production and preserved skeletal muscle antioxidant defence, probably limiting the rate of glutathione oxidation and then exhaustion of the most abundant redox buffer of myocytes8, 22.…”

Oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment in patients with peripheral artery disease

“…Infusion of glutathione (GSH), a major endogenous antioxidant and the primary defense against oxidants in skeletal muscle, twice a day for 5 days increased initial claudication distance by 37% compared with saline‐treated patients and improved macrocirculatory flow and post‐ischemic hyperemia (Arosio et al. ). While nonspecific antioxidants seem to be successful in PAD patients, direct antioxidant therapies with antioxidant concepts such as Nrf2 activators (Houghton et al.…”

Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on walking capacity, leg reactive hyperemia, and inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in patients with intermittent claudication

“…These findings suggested that enhancing GSH, a major endogenous antioxidant, is a promising therapeutic strategy for PAD (1). Unfortunately, direct administration of GSH results in poor tissue availability (53), and, most importantly, repeated intravenous administration is not amenable for long-term clinical treatment.…”

“…In a seminal report, Arosio and coworkers (1) showed that intravenous infusion of GSH twice a day for 5 consecutive days improved pain-free walking time and leg blood flow recovery after exercise in patients with symptomatic PAD. These findings suggested that enhancing GSH, a major endogenous antioxidant, is a promising therapeutic strategy for PAD (1).…”