Effect of Gender Differences and Other Factors on Remuneration of Employees in EU Countries

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to verify gender income differences and to reveal factors influencing differences in remuneration. Gender income differences across the EU range from 6% in Romania to 27% in the Czech Republic. Data from 178,878 employees filtered from the EU-SILC database were used for calculations. Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect gender income differences. The greatest effect was shown in the “Absolute Income”, then the “Job Change in the Last Year” factor, but the “Education” and “Age” showed a strongly negative tendency. Extraordinary attention is devoted to the effect of the “Job sector” factor, which also significantly contributes to the difference in income. Different representation of gender appears in different industries, which can be caused by preferences and be a consequence of persisting society-wide stereotypes. Social policies are not in line with changes in society and lag behind the development of society.

How Gender Ideology Affects the Public Attitude towards the Common Prosperity Policy?

“…This study focuses on "income disparity", which is one of the focal points of the study of common prosperity policy. The academic research on income disparity is divided into five parts, namely, why the income disparity is caused, the extent of income disparity (Andrew et al, 2015;Solt, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020), perceptions (Verwiebe et al, 2000), reasons (Irena et al, 2021) and attitudes (Andrew et al, 2015;Schneider, 2019), and the consumption inequality in the face of income disparity (Krueger et al, 2006).…”