Effect of Free Radicals &amp; Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress: A Review

Shinde, Ashok; Ganu, Jayashree V.; Naik, Pankaja

doi:10.4103/2277-4696.159144

Cited by 94 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hem endojen hem de eksojen antioksidanlar serbest radikal süpürücü olarak hareket ederler. Bundan dolayı savunma sisteminin etkisini artırarak hastalık riskini de azaltırlar (1). Antioksidanlar, normal hücre metabolizmasının toksik yan ürünü olan serbest radikalleri etkisiz hale getirerek koruyucu etki gösterirler (2).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Anti̇oksi̇danlar

KARABULUT¹,

Gülay²

2016

Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ÖZETSon yıllarda en fazla çalışılan konulardan olan serbest radikaller ve antioksidanlar gün geçtikçe daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Normal şartlar altında canlı metabolizması sağlıklı iken antioksidanlar ile serbest radikaller denge halindedir. Ancak bu denge serbest radikaller lehine değiştiği zaman, oksidatif stres kaynaklı hastalıklara yatkınlık gözlenmektedir. Özellikle çevre kirliliği, alkol ve sigara kullanımı, orman yangınları, X-rays ve UV ışınları gibi eksojen serbest radikal kaynaklarının artışı, insan vücudunda bulunan karbonhidratların, yağların, proteinlerin ve DNA'nın zarar görmesine yol açarak oksidasyona neden olabilmektedir. Serbest radikallerin artmasıyla, endojen antioksidanlar yetersiz kalabilmekte ve bu da eksojen antioksidanların alınmasını gerektirebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, endojen ve eksojen antioksidanlar sınıflandırılarak endojen antioksidanlar ve vitamin eksojen antioksidanlar hakkında genel bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Endojen Antioksidanlar, Eksojen Antioksidanlar, Vitamin Antioksidanlar ANTIOXIDANTS ABSTRACTFree radicals and antioxidants are among the most studied topics in recent years. As a result, they are gaining more importance with each passing day. Under normal circumstances, antioxidant levels and production of free radicals are in normal balance. However, when this balance changes in favor of free radicals, susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced diseases can be observed. Particularly, the increase in exogenous sources of free radicals, such as environmental pollution, alcohol and tobacco use, forest fires, X-rays and UV radiation, can lead to oxidation causing damage of the carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA in the human body. Due to the increase in free radicals, endogenous antioxidants may be inadequate. Therefore, consumption of exogenous antioxidants can be needed. In this review, after the classification of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, it is intended to give general information about endogenous antioxidants and exogenous vitamin antioxidants.

show abstract

Section: Introductionunclassified

Anti̇oksi̇danlar

KARABULUT¹,

Gülay²

2016

Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That is, NPs of aluminum has a prolonged effect, and the process of relaxation of the system (return to normal) can take a certain time after the elimination of the toxicant. Acting as a primary antioxidant defense system, CAT and SOD catalyze the conversion of reactive oxygen species to less active or inert forms [35,36]. In our experiments, the effect of Al 2 O 3 NPs on SOD in E. foetida, as in the case of CAT, was accompanied by an increase in activity with an increment in the Al 2 O 3 content from 0 to 3000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

EFFECT OF Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES ON SOIL MICROBIOCENOSIS, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND INTESTINAL MICROFLORA OF RED CALIFORNIAN WORM (Eisenia foetida)

Yausheva¹,

Sizova²,

Gavrish³

et al. 2017

S-h. biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A b s t r a c tWith the accumulation of experimental data it is evident that nanomaterials, which are widely used in human activity, look promising for agronomy. However, available publications on a comprehensive assessment of biological risks arising from nanoherbicides, nanofertilizers, etc., in particular on how the metal nanoparticles affect geobionts, are very limited. In the model experiments with California red worms Eisenia foetida as test organisms we studied the influence of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on soil biocoenosis and their biodegradation. We found an increase in mortality of worms up to 20 % at the maximum dosage of aluminum oxide nanoparticles introduced into the soil. Assay of antioxidant defense enzyme activity in the E. foetida revealed an increased superoxide dismutase and catalase level as influenced by the studied nanoparticles. The positive effect of their vermicomposting was shown. At increasing content of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (the nanoparticle dosage of 50, 100, 300, and 3000 mg/kg in the groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), the 61.7-67.6 % reduction in soil microorganism counts was found without vermicomposting vs. 55.6-61.3 % under vermicomposting. The number of microorganisms in the soil decreased in the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 by 42.8, 52.4, 61.9 and 76.2 % for fungi, by 64.3, 77.9, 78.6 and 85.7 % for nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and by 22.7, 38.6, 84.1 and 86.4 % for bacteria cultured on starch-and-ammonia agar. The number of cellulolytic bacteria increased by 6.9 % in the group 1 and decreased by 16.7, 12.5 and 25.0 % in the groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. A similar trend was observed under the influence of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on the E. foetida intestinal microflora. As the soil content of aluminum oxide nanoparticles increased from 50 to 3000 g/kg, the total number of microorganisms in the E. foetida intestine decreased by 9.7 to 43.2 %. In this, fungi decreased in the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 by 18.0, 20.0, 39.0 and 40.0 % as compared to control. The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was insignificant in the control samples and decreased in the E. foetida intestine in the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 by 16.0, 60.0, 78.8 and 80.0 %. The cellulolytic bacteria counts increased in the intestine of E. foetida (by 16.0 %) at minimum nanoparticle dosages, whereas in the groups 2, 3 and 4 this index was lower by 8.0, 32.0, 25.0 and 40.0 %. The number of bacteria cultured on starch-and-ammonia agar decreased in the E. foetida intestine in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 by 13.3, 46.7, 60.0 and 73.3 %. Therefore, our data indicate dose-dependent effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles and gradual development of their toxicity toward soil and intestinal microflora at increasing levels in the soil. The negative impact of the aluminum oxide nanoparticles on soil biocenosis was shown that was manifested in its depletion, leading to soil degradation and decreased fertility. We confirmed the necessity for complex assessment of nanoparticle biotoxicity in a variety of habitats. The antioxidant syst...

show abstract

“…However, at high concentrations they cause the condition known as oxidative stress which is harmful to cell structures. In simple terms, oxidative stress has been defined as the condition whereby the balance between formation and removal of free radicals is shifted towards formation of more free radicals (Shinde et al, 2012). The generally held hypothesis is that oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Pham-Huy et al, 2008;Fearon and Faux, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the utilisation of sorghum, millets and pseudocereals: Developments in the science of their phenolic phytochemicals, biofortification and protein functionality

Taylor

Belton

Beta

et al. 2014

Journal of Cereal Science

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is considerable interest in sorghum, millets and pseudocereals for their phytochemical content, their nutritional potential and their use in gluten-free products. They are generally rich in a several phenolic phytochemicals. Research has indicated that the phenolics in these grains may have several important health-promoting properties: prevention and reduction of oxidative stress, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, increased research on the actual healthpromoting properties of foods made from these grains is required. Biofortified (macro-and micronutrient enhanced) sorghum and millets are being developed through conventional breeding and recombinant DNA technology to combat malnutrition in developing countries.Enhanced nutritional traits include: high amylopectin, high lysine, improved protein digestibility, provitamin A rich, high iron and zinc, and improved mineral bioavailability through phytate reduction. Some of these biofortified cereals also have good agronomic characteristics and useful commercial end-use attributes, which will be important to their adoption by farmers. Knowledge of the structure of their storage proteins is increasing.Drawing on research concerning maize zein, which shows that it can produce a visco-elastic wheat-like dough, it appears that the storage proteins of these minor grains also have this potential. Manipulation of protein β-sheet structure seems critical in this regard.3

show abstract

Effect of Free Radicals & Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress: A Review

Cited by 94 publications

References 14 publications

Anti̇oksi̇danlar

Anti̇oksi̇danlar

EFFECT OF Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES ON SOIL MICROBIOCENOSIS, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND INTESTINAL MICROFLORA OF RED CALIFORNIAN WORM (Eisenia foetida)

Increasing the utilisation of sorghum, millets and pseudocereals: Developments in the science of their phenolic phytochemicals, biofortification and protein functionality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About