The research included the study of influence of ultrafine particle preparations (nanoparticles of copper, zinc, iron, CuZn alloy) and metal salts (iron pyrophosphate, copper asparginate, zinc asparginate) on the composition of cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Before adding the studied nanoparticles and metal salts to the diet, cecal microbiota of broiler chickens was represented by 76% Firmicutes taxon and 16% Bacteroidetes. Numerous among them were the bacteria of the taxa Anaerotruncus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Blautia spp., Alistipes spp., and Bacteroides spp.; they constituted 18, 17, 11, and 6%, respectively. A peculiarity of action of the most analyzed metals in nanoform and in the form of salts was a decrease in the number of phylum Firmicutes bacteria and an increase in the number of microorganisms of the phylum Bacteroidetes. The number of bacteria belonging to the families Ruminococcaceae (III, IV, V, VII, and VIII groups), Bacteroidaceae (in all experimental groups), and Lachnospiraceae (I, IV, V, and VII groups) was registered within the taxa of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. At the same time, in some experimental groups, the number of bacteria of the family Lachnospiraceae (II, III, and VIII) decreased in the intestine. The data obtained can be used to assess the possibility of using metal nanoparticles in the poultry diet, as a micronutrient preparation, to correct dysbiosis and to improve the utilization of fodder energy.
The study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms Eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. Analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. DNA from the worm guts was extracted and 16S metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using MiSeq (Illumina). Regarding the gut microflora of worms in the control group, high diversity of microorganisms (303 OTUs) was noted. Most of those belong to the taxa Firmicutes (51.9 % of the total high-quality united reads), Proteobacteria (24.1 % of the total), and Actinobacteria (13.3 % of the total), which were represented by numerous species of gen. Clostridium (C. saccharobutylicum, C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum, C. beijerinckii), gen. Pseudomonas (P. hydrogenovora, P. aeruginosa, and P. putida), gen. Bacillus (B. megaterium, B. silvestris), gen. Cellulomonas (B. megaterium, B. silvestris), and other numerically smaller genera. Adding of zinc nanoparticles to the substrate decreased the diversity of bacteria (78 OTUs) as well as percentage of bacteria belonging to the taxon Firmicutes (-41.6 %) and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria due to growth in abundance of gen. Verminephrobacter (+46 %) and gen. Ochrobactrum (+19.5 %).
A b s t r a c tThe prospects of using metal nanoparticles to stimulate productivity of farm animals are widely discussed. However, nano-sized materials exhibit various negative properties, such as prooxidant effects, and can provoke apoptosis and kidney damage. A possible approach is the use of ultrafine materials in combination with agents leveling adverse effects of nanoparticles. For the first time we studied the prospects of joint use of iron and arginine nanoparticles, the mechanism of their interaction and influence on the productivity of poultry and demonstrated that their simultaneous application promote live weight gain. We formed 6 groups (n = 30) of 11-day old broilers of the cross Smena 8. The poultry was injected twice (after 2 week intervals) with iron nanoparticles and fed either with dietary arginine (the amino acid which is known to influence metabolism and immune response and considered as conditionally essential for inflammatory and oxidative stress), or the mixture of arginine, lysine and methionine. Our experiments showed that the joint use of iron nanoparticles and arginine increased the weight gain up to 9.2 % as compared to the control, and moreover, the iron nanoparticles together with a mixture of amino acids provided an increase up to 20 %. Withal, the nanoparticles and amino acids when applied separately resulted in lower weight gain, and at the end of the experiment the body weight of broilers fed with dietary arginine (group II) and those injected with iron nanoparticles (group III) increased by 6.1 and 5.9 % (P 0.05), respectively. Intramuscular administration of iron nanoparticles (the poultry groups III, IV and VI) promoted the immune response that was manifested in enhanced level of leukocytes -by 8.12; 10.50 and 3.88 % (P 0.05), respectively, on the day 1, and by 7.3; 8.19 and 4.00 % (P 0.05), respectively, in a week. The study of NO-metabolites showed an increased level in blood and liver (by 3-4 %) only in groups III, IV and VI. Singly injected iron nanoparticles (group III) changed metabolism of arginine and increased its level by 3.83 % (P 0.05). Thus the joint use of iron nanoparticles and the complex of arginine with other amino acids is most likely to be helpful in the poultry meat production.Keywords: nanoparticles cooper, broiler chicks, growth intensity, chemical elements, biochemical and morphological parameters of bloodThe search for substances with growth-stimulating action is one of the current trends in agricultural biology. A number of studies indicate the prospects of using metal nanoparticles as preparations to increase productivity of farm animals [1,2]. Essential metal-based nanoparticles have been reported to significantly exceed the analogues in the form of mineral salts in their bioavailability [3], are characterized by less pronounced toxic effect (4), with which the promise of their use as sources of microelements is associated [5].However, nanoparticles have a number of disadvantages. They stimulate
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