Effect of Formaldehyde on Rat Liver in Doses Used in Pulpotomies

Abstract

Many studies have questioned the toxic effects of formocresol, one of which is its systemic distribution. This study focused on determining whether there was risk of acute hepatic lesion after the use of intravenous formaldehyde in doses for multiple pulpotomies in rats. Histological and biochemical changes were evaluated. Results showed that very high doses of formaldehyde injected into rats, doses that were much higher than those given for multiple pulp treatments in a single session in Pediatric Dentistry, showed no signs of liver toxicity.

Materials for primary tooth pulp treatment: the present and the future

“…For instance, Seale's study was quoted in his article, but only 18% of pediatric dentists and 37% of endodontists agreed that FC is a carcinogen, contraindicating its use; 5% of pediatric dentists and 15% of endodontists agreed that FC may be a documented danger to patients . Research results, however, show the opposite as in one of the well‐controlled animal studies on rats by Cortes et al., 2007, which demonstrated that the use of FC equivalent to that employed in 10, 20, and 100 pulpotomies resulted in no hepatic toxicity .…”

“…None of the references cited showed any direct connection to clinically recognized health risks such as cancer, only speculations from tests on laboratory samples. It has not been determined that the small quantity of FC ordinarily used in dental pulpotomies, sealed off from exposure to other tissues with overlying cement, has produced any clinical evidence of potential or deleterious mutagenic effects.…”

The obsolescence of formocresol

“…Some rat studies have shown little if any effect on the liver. 32 In 2000, Hamaguchi showed the genotoxicity of seven dental antiseptics, among them m-cresol and formaldehyde. Again utilising SHE, Hamaguchi concluded that both medicaments were genotoxic to mammalian cells.…”

Efeitos do Laser de Baixa Intensidade em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos humanos

“…Abdo et al (1979) avaliaram a resposta do formocresol na forma original de Buckley ou diluído a 1/5 sobre a polpa e tecidos periapicais de dentes decíduos de cães e concluíram que, embora a fórmula diluída tenha mostrado danos mais atenuados, o formocresol de modo geral, provoca alterações pulpares destrutivas e irreversíveis, bem como alterações inflamatórias nos tecidos periapicais, incluindo nos folículos dentários dos dentes sucessores. LUNA- RICARDO, 2010;ODABAS et al, 2011;VOSTATEK et al, 2011;LUCAS LEITE et al, 2012 Diante do exposto, muitas controvérsias acercam o uso do formocresol em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos (ZARZAR et al, 2003;CASAS et al, 2005;CORTÉS et al, 2007;FUKS, 2008;MILNES, 2008;WATERHOUSE, 2008;KAHL et al, 2008;DUGGAL, 2009;BLANCHARD;LEWIS, 2010;KURJI et al, 2011aKURJI et al, , 2011bLUCAS LEITE et al, 2012). Desta forma, alternativas mais seguras e biocompatíveis para substituição do formocresol têm sido pesquisadas com intuito de promover o reparo do tecido pulpar (FUKS, 2008;COLL, 2010), como o Óxido de zinco e eugenol (BAHROLOLOOMI et al, 2008;KARAMI et al, 2009;ERDEM et al, 2011), o Hidróxido de Cálcio CHACKO;KURIKOSE, 2006;ACCORINTE et al, 2008a;DE SOUZA COSTA et al, 2008;MORETTI et al, 2008;WITHERSPOON, 2008;ALAÇAM et al, 2009;DURUTURK, 2010;ODABAS et al, 2011), o Sulfato Férrico (NEAMATOLLAHI;TAJIK, 2006;PENG et al, 2007;CETINBAŞ, 2008;…”

“…A resposta histológica é resultante da ação dos materiais inseridos na câmara pulpar (CAICEDO et al, 2006). De maneira geral, a maioria das análises histológicas de respostas pulpares a materiais capeadores avaliam dentes de animais como cães (ABDO et al, 1979;HOLLAND et al, 2001;DOMINGUEZ et al, 2003;TOOMARIAN et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2010;TABARSI et al, 2010), macacos (FADAVI;ANDERSON, 1996;CANNON et al, 2008) e rato (KIMURA et al, 2003;CORTÉS et al, 2007;LIMA et al, 2011). Pela literatura pesquisada até o momento, poucos trabalhos foram publicados avaliando o efeito clínico e radiográfico de diferentes materiais para pulpotomias de dentes decíduos humanos, analisando conjuntamente as alterações histológicas destes dentes (CAICEDO et al, 2006;TUNÇ et al, 2006;ODABAS et al, 2007;JAYANTHI, 2011).…”