Effect of foaming technique and mixing temperature on the rheological characteristics of fine RAP-foamed bitumen mixtures

Sánchez, Diana B.; Airey, Gordon; Caro, Silvia; Grenfell, James

doi:10.1080/14680629.2019.1593228

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Specifically, the "mechanical foaming" of bitumen, utilizing direct injection of water to hot bitumen, provides a straightforward and cost-efficient solution for decreasing the processing temperatures and energy requirements for producing bituminous mixtures [9][10][11][12]. Foamed bitumen is now widely used for producing high quality cold recycled mixtures [1,[13][14][15][16] as well as high performing warm mixtures, enabling use of recycled materials and resembling typical hot mix asphalt in their properties [1,[17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming Performance and FTIR Spectrometric Analysis of Foamed Bituminous Binders Intended for Surface Courses

Maciejewski

Chomicz-Kowalska

2021

Materials

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This study explores the effects of foaming on three selected bituminous binders: 50/70 paving grade bitumen, 45/80-55 polymer modified bitumen and 45/80-80 HiMA binder. The first part of the investigations included the evaluation of the foaming performance in terms of foaming temperature and foaming water content with the utilization of desirability functions and based on the equality of maximum expansion ratio and bitumen foam half-life. The second part of the study investigated the effects of foaming on the chemical structure of the binders using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the spectroscopic measurements permitted calculation of structural indices specific to functional groups associated with bitumen oxidation, as well as those indicative of elastomeric modification. The results have shown that the different types of bitumen exhibited different foaming characteristics, which was most evident in bitumen foam half-lives, with the HiMA binder performing the best. The spectrometric measurements did not show any significant effects of foaming on the chemical structure of the evaluated binders related to oxidative stress, neither were any major changes in the PmB-specific regions found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming Performance and FTIR Spectrometric Analysis of Foamed Bituminous Binders Intended for Surface Courses

Maciejewski

Chomicz-Kowalska

2021

Materials

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“…Although the use of foamed bitumen by direct water injection with RAP material has been generally regarded as cold processes (i.e. foamed bitumen is sprayed onto the RAP material which is in a cold moist form), in this work hot foamed bitumen was combined with fine virgin aggregates and fine RAP material that were preheated at different temperatures to achieve final mixing temperatures around 90, 120 and 160 o C, since it has been demonstrated that temperature is a key variable influencing the mechanical response of the RAP-FBMs (Sánchez et al, 2019). A control fine HMA mixture with 50% fine RAPno foamed bitumenwas also manufactured for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Objective and Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the FAM samples, their rheological properties were measured by means of the DMA testing technique, which has been widely used to characterise the linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties of these materials, as well as mechanical deterioration processes under cyclic loading (Masad et al, 2006(Masad et al, , 2008Caro et al, , 2012Caro, Sánchez, & Caicedo, 2015;Gudipudi & Underwood, 2015;Tong et al, 2013, 2015, Sánchez et al 2017, Klug et al, 2018, Sánchez et al, 2019. The procedure consists of using a rheometer with a fixture configuration for solid materials, to apply oscillation loading to the small FAM cylindrical specimens (i.e.…”

Section: Fbms and Their Recovered Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects on the rheological properties of fine warm RAP-foamed bitumen mixtures using SATS conditioning protocol

Sánchez

Airey

Caro

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pavement Engineering

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This paper uses the Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness (SATS) conditioning to evaluate the combined effects of moisture and oxidative ageing on the rheological characteristics of the Fine Aggregate Matrix (FAM) portion of various Foamed Bitumen Mixtures (FBMs) in combination with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material. These FAM materials were produced at mixing temperatures of 90, 120 and 160 o C (i.e. half-warm, warm and hot processes, respectively).A fine Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with RAPno foamed bitumenwas also manufactured for control purposes. The rheological properties of these fine mixtures were determined through Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests on specimens tested in their unconditioned and after SATS conditioning states. Rheology of the recovered binders of the four FAM mixes before and after SATS conditioning was also studied, and rheological parameters were used to link their long-term performance in terms of cracking susceptibility. The results showed an overall increase in the stiffness of the fine mixtures after the conditioning process, mainly due to oxidation of the bitumen. Although the half-warm and warm fine RAP-FBMs exhibited the highest increase in their complex shear modulus after SATS conditioning, rheological analysis of their corresponding binders indicated that their long-term performance in terms of cracking susceptibility might be superior to those of the hot RAP-FBM, and the HMA-RAP fine mixtures.

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“…The disturbance of the underlying pavement layers is rather small because recycling is typically a single-pass operation and the wheels of the machine run without contacting lower layers when running on top of the reclaimed material [4]. Homogenizing foamed bituminous mixture increasing the rate of water [22]…”

Section: Minimized Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1968, the foaming process was modified by Mobil Oil Australia [3]. In this process, known as mechanical foaming, the hot liquid bitumen was mixed by a controlled flow of cold water (rather than steam) in an expansion chamber, and was carried through a nozzle onto the aggregate mass [4]. The foamed bitumen has been used in the stabilization of a variety of materials including RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement material) as a part of cold recycling, and can be applied as pavement and base material for low and heavily trafficked roads [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and limitations of using foamed bitumen

Saleh

Gáspár

2021

Acta Tech. Jaurinensis

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Foamed asphalt refers to a bituminous mixture of road-building aggregates and foamed bitumen, produced by a cold mix process. There are a lot of related issue that has not been sufficiently investigated so far. It is worthwhile to overview the main theoretical and practical results in the field in several countries including those of the authors of the paper. It is clear that the foamed asphalt is usually characterized by high quality and reasonable cost, can be used in cold road pavement rehabilitation, in addition to it the technique is environ-mentally friendly preserving natural resources. Using foamed bitumen reduces the emissions of carbon dioxide and gases resulting from combustion, especially when it is used as a cold rehabilitation binder and mixed with re-claimed asphalt pavement materials.

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Effect of foaming technique and mixing temperature on the rheological characteristics of fine RAP-foamed bitumen mixtures

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Foaming Performance and FTIR Spectrometric Analysis of Foamed Bituminous Binders Intended for Surface Courses

Foaming Performance and FTIR Spectrometric Analysis of Foamed Bituminous Binders Intended for Surface Courses

Environmental effects on the rheological properties of fine warm RAP-foamed bitumen mixtures using SATS conditioning protocol

Advantages and limitations of using foamed bitumen

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