Effect of fly ash and coupling agent on the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styreneblend

Abstract

In the present study, coal fly ash (FA) was used as a reinforcement in a thermoplastic matrix blend of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PA/ABS). In the first part of this work, the as‐received FA (raw FA) was sieved with a 25 μm sieve to obtain FA with particle size less than 25 μm (FA). Then, the physicochemical properties of the raw FA and the FA were determined. Afterwards, FA was used to prepare a masterbatch of 20 wt% FA and 80 wt% PA by twin‐screw extrusion. Using this masterbatch, composites with different FA contents (4.5, 9, 14, and 18.5 wt%), with and without styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) (S‐g‐M), were produced by extrusion, which was followed by injection molding. Subsequently, several characterization techniques were performed to investigate the effect of FA loading and the S‐g‐M coupling agent on the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the developed composites. The results showed that incorporating FA particles in the matrix blend improved the thermal stability and crystallinity, the Young's modulus, the tensile strength, and torsional properties of the composites. In contrast, the addition of S‐g‐M coupling agent to the polymer composites improved the interfacial adhesion between FA particles and the matrix blend. This further enhanced the structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the polymer composites. Overall, the use of FA as an inorganic filler improves the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer composites and shows a potential for promising applications.

Electrical nanocomposites of PA6/ABS/ABS‐MA reinforced with carbon nanotubes (MWCNTf) for antistatic packaging

“…This is attributed to the butadiene in the ABS structure, which increases flexibility and reduces system rigidity. [ 21 ] The compatibilization of the PA6/ABS blend with ABS‐MA discretely increased the elastic modulus to 2.38 GPa. A 7.7% increment compared to the blend without compatibilizer.…”

“…Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites with acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer have attracted considerable attention due to their high-performance in mechanical properties when compatibilized with a suitable reactive copolymer, generating important applications in the automotive and electronics fields. [20,21] Some studies [22][23][24] have been conducted on the preparation and development of PA6/ABS nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes to tailor the mechanical and electrical properties of the final product. Although some properties of the PA6/ABS/carbon nanotubes are improved, the reduction in the degree of ductility compromises certain applications.…”

Cyclo‐olefin copolymer/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends: Structure–property relationships and morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties

“…On the other hand, ABS has also some drawbacks, especially for high‐performance applications, such as poor solvent, fatigue, and UV resistance, lower HDT/Vicat temperature, and impact resistance than high‐performance engineering plastics. In this context, blends of ABS with other engineering thermoplastics such as polycarbonate (PC), [ 18,19 ] polyamides (PA), [ 20,21 ] polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), [ 22,23 ] and styrene–acrylonitrile [ 24,25 ] are of significant scientific and commercial interest. In blending efforts of ABS and high‐performance engineering thermoplastics, ABS provides ease of processability and reliable notched impact resistance, [ 26,27 ] whereas other engineering thermoplastics improve mechanical, thermal and energy absorption properties.…”

The Preparation of Monomer Casting Polyamide 6/Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Composite Materials with Satisfactory Miscibility

“…However, its poor notched impact toughness (especially at low temperatures) restricts its overall performance, which limits its applications in modern plastic industries and newly emerging fields [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], e.g., wearable fabrics [ 4 ], self-supporting water purification films [ 9 ], and nanofiltration membrane [ 7 ], etc. To solve this issue, PA6 matrix has been modified by reinforcing materials, such as hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) [ 10 ], styrene-co-acrylonitrile (SAN) [ 11 ], hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) [ 12 ], polyamide 66 [ 13 ], poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [ 14 ], and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) [ 15 ], etc. For those reinforcing monomers or polymers, they have similar functional groups to that of PA6, which is advantageous to obtain compatible polymer composites to overcome the phase separation problem at the interface of PA6 and reinforcing additives through chemical and physical interactions or adhesions between them.…”

“…As we know, among those polymer modifiers [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], TLCP is one promising choice. Because of the peculiar rigid-rod chemical structures, TLCP in the solid form possesses many unique properties, e. g., low melt viscosity and high mechanical modulus in the oriented direction.…”