Effect of final temperature on charcoal stiffness and its correlation with wood density and hardness

Neto, Raul de Abreu; Assis, Albert Augusto de; Ballarin, Adriano Wagner; Hein, Paulo Ricardo Gherardi

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2822-0

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The best conditions to produce charcoal were presented with the metallic kiln using Ramón, Yaxnic, Zapote, and Zapotillo firewood species. Abreu et al [47] mentioned that firewood density is positively correlated with charcoal production when the objective is to have a higher stiffness. In addition, they had higher lignin content compared to species from other sites, but the process control was not optimal, leaving only burn 3 as acceptable.…”

Section: Carbonization Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

García-Quezada¹,

Musule

Prieto-Ruíz

et al. 2022

Energies

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Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using Arbutus xalapensis, Quercus durifolia, and Quercus sideroxyla species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with Pithecellobium dulce and Tamarindus indica; Argentine half-orange kilns with Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. sideroxyla, industrial metal kilns with Brosimum alicastrum, Vitex gaumeri, Manilkara zapota, and Pouteria unilocularis. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min−1) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality.

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Section: Carbonization Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

García-Quezada¹,

Musule

Prieto-Ruíz

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…Essa tendência foi confirmada no presente estudo, em que a espécie de madeira mais densa (M. urundeuva) apresentou carvão com maior DRA e DE. Além disso, os resultados permitem afirmar que o carvão vegetal de M. urundeuva apresentará melhor resistência mecânica (COSTA et al, 2014;ABREU NETO et al, 2020) e melhor aproveitamento nos altos fornos siderúrgicos devido a maior massa de carvão disponível por unidade de volume (ARAÚJO et al, 2018). Os carvões com DRA acima de 250 kg.m -3 são ideais para a finalidade siderúrgica, pois proporcionam maior capacidade térmica por unidade de volume (ASSIS et al, 2016).…”

Section: Rendimentos Da Carbonização E Qualidade Do Carvão Vegetalunclassified

Avaliação De Três Madeiras Nativas Do Cerrado Goiano Visando À Utilização Energética

Siqueira

Patrício

Lima

et al. 2020

NAT

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Estudos que visem ampliar o conhecimento das madeiras oriundas do cerrado podem contribuir com o correto manejo das espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de três espécies do cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Amburana cearensis) para fins energéticos. Foram amostradas duas árvores por espécie e, destas, foram retirados discos da base, a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total. Para a madeira, determinou-se longitudinalmente a densidade básica, composição química, estoque de carbono, poderes caloríficos superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI) e densidade energética. As carbonizações da madeira foram realizadas em forno elétrico, com temperatura final de 450 ºC e taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC.min-1. A posição longitudinal de amostragem não influenciou a densidade da madeira. A madeira de M. urundeuva apresentou maior densidade básica e PCS, bem como menor teor de materiais voláteis. O carvão da espécie T. vulgaris apresentou a menor densidade aparente (298 kg.m-3) e baixo teor de cinzas (1,14%), porém elevado teor de carbono fixo e PCS. O carvão vegetal da espécie M. urundeuva se destacou com elevada densidade relativa aparente (475 kg.m-3). A ordem das melhores espécies é: M. urundeuva, A. cearensis e T. vulgaris. Palavras-chave: energia renovável; espécies nativas; potencial energético; qualidade do carvão. ASSESSMENT OF THREE NATIVE WOODS FROM CERRADO OF GOIÁS FOR THE ENERGY PURPOSES ABSTRACT: Studies aimed at expanding the knowledge of woods from cerrado can contribute to the correct management of the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of wood and charcoal of three species from cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Amburana cearensis) for energy purposes. Two trees per species were sampled and, from these, disks were removed from the base, at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total height. For wood, the properties basic density, chemical analysis, carbon stock, higher (HHV) and lower (LHV) heating values were determined longitudinally. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle furnace with a final temperature of 450 ºC and heating rate of 1.67 ºC.min-1. There was no effect of longitudinal position under the wood basic density. Myracrodruon urundeuva wood had the highest basic density and HHV, as well as the lowest content of volatile matters. The Tachigali vulgaris charcoal had the lowest bulk density (298 kg.m-3) and low ash content (1.14%), but a high content of fixed carbon and HHV. Charcoal of the species M. urundeuva stood out with high apparent relative density (475 kg.m-3). The order of the best species is M. urundeuva, A. cearensis, and T. vulgaris. Keywords: renewable energy; native species; energy potential; charcoal quality.

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“…Das et al [41], via nanoindentation, concluded that a combination of high final pyrolysis temperature (≥500 • C) and relatively long residence time (~60 min) led to an increase in the values of hardness and elastic modulus of seven residues-derived biochars. Nevertheless, the opposite effect was also reported [45] with loss of dynamic hardness with increasing pyrolysis temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Influence of Feedstock and Final Pyrolysis Temperature on Breaking Strength and Dust Production of Wood-Derived Biochars

et al. 2021

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The susceptibility to fragmentation of biochar is an important property to consider in field applications. Physical and mechanical properties of wood-derived biochars from vine shoots and holm oak were studied to evaluate the effect of biomass feedstock, final pyrolysis temperature and application conditions. Vine shoots and holm oak pruning residues were selected for biochar production. Slow pyrolysis experiments were conducted at two different final temperatures (400 and 600 °C). Physical and chemical characteristics of biomass and biochars were determined. Impact strength was evaluated through the measurement of the gravitational potential energy per unit area (J mm−2) necessary for the breakage of biochar fragments. Shear strength (N mm−2) and a combination of shear/compression strengths (N) were analyzed using a Universal Texture Analyzer. A particular mechanical treatment was carried out on biochar samples to simulate the processing bodies of a commercial manure spreader, under two gravimetric moisture contents. Holm oak-derived biochar was more resistant than vine shoot-derived biochar to the applied forces. Vine shoots-derived biochar did not show a significantly different mechanical behavior between temperatures. Holm Oak-derived biochar produced at the higher final pyrolysis temperature showed higher resistance to be broken into smaller pieces. Moistening resulted in an adequate practice to improve mechanical spreading.

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Effect of final temperature on charcoal stiffness and its correlation with wood density and hardness

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

Avaliação De Três Madeiras Nativas Do Cerrado Goiano Visando À Utilização Energética

Influence of Feedstock and Final Pyrolysis Temperature on Breaking Strength and Dust Production of Wood-Derived Biochars

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