Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

El-Shekeil, Y.A.; Sapuan, S.M.; AL-Grafi, Mubarak

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.034

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Kenaf fiber composites with TPUs show significant changes in the tensile properties depending on the fiber loading in the TPU matrix (El-Shekeil et al 2011;El-Shekeil et al 2012a,b). Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk fiber-reinforced TPU has an increased modulus and tensile strength with increases in the fiber content and decreases in strain (El-Shekeil et al 2014). The development of new composites needs optimal parameters, such as time, speed, and temperature, for the best outcomes (VeraSorroche et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Study of Eco-Friendly Sugar Palm Fiber Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Mohammed¹,

Bachtiar²,

Siregar³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The physicochemical properties of an innovative and environmentally friendly composite material based on sugar palm fiber (SPF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were examined. The base material with short fibers was extruded and hot pressed to produce the TPU-SPF composites with different synthetic parameters. Operating parameters including temperature for extrusion (170 to 190 °C), rotational velocity (30 to 50 rpm), and fiber particle sizes (160, 250, and 425 µm) were investigated. The aims were to optimize rotational velocity, temperature, and fiber size of the TPU-SPF composites. Firstly, the influence of rotation of velocity and temperature on the tensile properties was investigated. Secondly, effects of different fiber sizes on tensile, flexural properties, and impact strength as per ASTM standards were tested. The morphological, thermal, and physicochemical properties of the synthesized TPU-SPF composites were ascertained with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optimal results were observed with a temperature of 190°C and a rotational velocity of 40 rpm. Meanwhile, the strength and modulus for tensile and flexural were best for fiber size 250 µm. Moreover, the impact strength reached a peaking trend at 250 µm fiber size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Study of Eco-Friendly Sugar Palm Fiber Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Mohammed¹,

Bachtiar²,

Siregar³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…However, 5KF10MH, 10KF5MH and 10KF10MH had recorded 5.78 %, 3.52 % and 2.95 % of water absorption respectively. This high absorption rate was due to the high void content in the samples which was caused by the incompatibility of the interface bonding [20]. Several samples, including FLO, had reached saturation after 24 hours.…”

Section: Water Absorption Behaviour Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solving environmental issues and better tool life are the main reasons being selected [18,19]. Besides, producing composites with lower density and cheaper cost is expected [20]. However, unfortunately, many factors have caused fibres to differ from each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

Lee¹,

Sapuan²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

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This paper presents a study of the mechanical properties of Kenaf fibre (KF) reinforced floreon (FLO)/ magnesium hydroxide (MH) bio-composites. The mixing of all materials was done by using a 21 mm lab twin screw extruder followed by hot pressing. The composite sheet was then cut into specimens for testing purposes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the cross-section of the interface. In this regard, insufficient resin for fibre wetting, hydrolytic degradation on the biopolymer and poor interfacial bonding were attributed to the low strength profile. Yet, further addition of KF increased the tensile strength and flexural to 18.91 MPa and 73.09MPa, respectively. Nevertheless, inserting KF and MH filler were found to have a positive outcome on the flexural modulus by especially 10KF5MH and 10KF10MH for 3.02GPa and 3.17GPa, respectively. Insertion of KF and MH showed the deterioration of impact strength. However, addition of KF increased the impact strength to 16.82 J/m 2 . FLO is a hydrophobic biopolymer, and showed only 0.49% of the total water absorption in 14 days. Meanwhile, for the first 24 hours, the rates of water absorption were very high for all biocomposites. Hence, it is worth mentioning that the high contents of KF in bio-composites were found to have higher saturation period and higher total amount of water absorption while the MH caused shorter saturation period but lower total amount of water absorption. However, incompatibility of the interface bonding had increased the water absorption of KF/FLO/MH composites. 5KF5MH and 10KF5MH recorded water absorption at 10.65% and 13.33%. On the other hand, 10KF10MH was saturated at day 6 with 6.59 % of water absorption. Although 10KF5MH specimen did not have the best performance in mechanical properties, higher flame retardancy shall provide KF reinforced FLO composite with MH filler for more applications in the advanced sector, especially a hazardous environment.

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“…Coconut husk and shell powder, pineapple fiber and corn cob are some of the sources of natural fibers that have potential to use as filler, which have been studied here and blended with TPU. There are several recent studies that combined the natural fiber and TPU, found it to produce some of the unique properties, such as TPU/kenaf by El-Shekeil et al [4] and Janus & Patrycja [5]. They found that, kenaf fiber were compatible with TPU from the view of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that, kenaf fiber were compatible with TPU from the view of mechanical properties. El-Shekeil et al [4] studied TPU/cocoa pod husk and proved that, the tensile properties improved when the filler loading increased. Many researchers have been studied natural fiber in polymer composites and it's mechanical, morphological properties in order to investigate the compatibility of fiber/polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Various Type of Natural Fibers as Filler in TPU: Mechanical Properties, Morphological and Oil Absorption Behavior

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The idea of using natural fibers as filler in various polymers has been extensively studied. Various types of natural fibers and polymers have been identified and it can be varied according to the particular application and the two main composite materials will have advantages and disadvantages of each. However, natural fibers are usually selected as filler because it is readily available and environmentally friendly, inexpensive, non-toxic, biodegradable and still have good characteristics for a variety of uses. In this study, four types of natural fiber have been used which; coconut shell, coconut fiber, corn cob, and pineapple skin, as fillers in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The mixing process conducted through melt mixing techniques. The percentage of TPU and natural fibers are 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15. Different type of fiber will affect the mechanical properties of the composites and have been studied through tensile testing. It showed that the result for pineapple fiber at 5% was the highest and can also be related to the characterizations of this composite that have been studied via the SEM morphology. Swelling testing is also having been done to prove the absorbency ability by natural fiber composites in cooking oil and engine oil. Then it concluded that the pineapple fiber absorbed large amount of both oil compared to others.

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Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Cited by 66 publications

References 23 publications

Physicochemical Study of Eco-Friendly Sugar Palm Fiber Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Physicochemical Study of Eco-Friendly Sugar Palm Fiber Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced floreon biocomposites with magnesium hydroxide filler

Comparing Various Type of Natural Fibers as Filler in TPU: Mechanical Properties, Morphological and Oil Absorption Behavior

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