Effect of fermented oatmeal soup on the cholesterol level and theLactobacillus colonization of rat intestinal mucosa

Molin, Göran; Andersson, Richard; Ahrné, Siv; Lönner, C.; Marklinder, Ingela; Johansson, Mia; Jeppsson, Bengt; Bengmark, S

doi:10.1007/bf00584223

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The rodent isolates 6799jm-1 (mouse) and R2LC (rat) outgrew all other strains and comprised around 97% of the total population on the forestomach epithelium, the natural niche of L. reuteri. This competition experiment confirmed earlier studies on the host specificity of L. reuteri strains in gut colonization (Molin et al, 1992;Carbajal et al, 1999;Schreiber et al, 2009), and together, the results clearly show that the phylogenetic relationships discovered for L. reuteri do reflect not only host origin but also ecological fitness.…”

Section: Reconstruction Of a More Accurate Genealogysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Such a 'joint' evolution would result in the development of generalists, which are promiscuous in terms of their ability to colonize the GITs of all members of these groups. In fact, this can be observed in L. reuteri isolates from mice and rats, which show comparable ecological performance in the mouse digestive tract (Figure 4 and references: Molin et al, 1992;Carbajal et al, 1999;Schreiber et al, 2009). In addition, murine Lactobacillus isolates show no host specificity in their adherence to epithelial tissues of mice and rats, whereas they generally do not adhere to epithelial cells of chickens and pigs (Savage, 1972;Lin and Savage, 1984;Tannock, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution

et al. 2009

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The vertebrate digestive tract, including that of humans, is the habitat to trillions of bacteria that are of significant importance to host biology and health. Although these communities are often postulated to have coevolved with their hosts, evidence is lacking, yet critical for our understanding of microbial symbiosis in vertebrates. To gain insight into the evolution of a gut symbiont, we have characterized the population genetic structure and phylogeny of Lactobacillus reuteri strains isolated from six different host species (human, mouse, rat, pig, chicken and turkey) using Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA). The results revealed considerable genetic heterogeneity within the L. reuteri population and distinct monophyletic clades reflecting host origin but not provenance. The evolutionary patterns detected indicate a long-term association of L. reuteri lineages with particular vertebrate species and hostdriven diversification. Results from a competition experiment in a gnotobiotic mouse model revealed that rodent isolates showed elevated ecological performance, indicating that evolution of L. reuteri lineages was adaptive. These findings provide evidence that some vertebrate gut microbes are not promiscuous, but have diversified into host-adapted lineages by a long-term evolutionary process, allowing the development of a highly specialized symbiosis.

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Section: Reconstruction Of a More Accurate Genealogysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution

et al. 2009

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“…L. plantarum 299, later used together with oatmeal in a synbiotic composition [92,93,94], is produced and marketed by Probi AB, Lund, Sweden. I participated in this program until 1999, when I decided to re-direct my interest towards development and studies of a more complex synbiotic composition, designed not only to supplement four newly identified bioactive LABs in combination, but also four different prebiotic fibers, already known for their strong bioactivity.…”

Section: Personal Experience With Pro- and Synbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition of the Critically Ill — A 21st-Century Perspective

Bengmark

2013

Nutrients

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Health care-induced diseases constitute a fast-increasing problem. Just one type of these health care-associated infections (HCAI) constitutes the fourth leading cause of death in Western countries. About 25 million individuals worldwide are estimated each year to undergo major surgery, of which approximately 3 million will never return home from the hospital. Furthermore, the quality of life is reported to be significantly impaired for the rest of the lives of those who, during their hospital stay, suffered life-threatening infections/sepsis. Severe infections are strongly associated with a high degree of systemic inflammation in the body, and intimately associated with significantly reduced and malfunctioning GI microbiota, a condition called dysbiosis. Deranged composition and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota, occurring from the mouth to the anus, has been found to cause impaired ability to maintain intact mucosal membrane functions and prevent leakage of toxins—bacterial endotoxins, as well as whole bacteria or debris of bacteria, the DNA of which are commonly found in most cells of the body, often in adipocytes of obese individuals or in arteriosclerotic plaques. Foods rich in proteotoxins such as gluten, casein and zein, and proteins, have been observed to have endotoxin-like effects that can contribute to dysbiosis. About 75% of the food in the Western diet is of limited or no benefit to the microbiota in the lower gut. Most of it, comprised specifically of refined carbohydrates, is already absorbed in the upper part of the GI tract, and what eventually reaches the large intestine is of limited value, as it contains only small amounts of the minerals, vitamins and other nutrients necessary for maintenance of the microbiota. The consequence is that the microbiota of modern humans is greatly reduced, both in terms of numbers and diversity when compared to the diets of our paleolithic forebears and the individuals living a rural lifestyle today. It is the artificial treatment provided in modern medical care—unfortunately often the only alternative provided—which constitute the main contributors to a poor outcome. These treatments include artificial ventilation, artificial nutrition, hygienic measures, use of skin-penetrating devices, tubes and catheters, frequent use of pharmaceuticals; they are all known to severely impair the microbiomes in various locations of the body, which, to a large extent, are ultimately responsible for a poor outcome. Attempts to reconstitute a normal microbiome by supply of probiotics have often failed as they are almost always undertaken as a complement to—and not as an alternative to—existing treatment schemes, especially those based on antibiotics, but also other pharmaceuticals.

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“…That was the reason why I established collaboration with experts in microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, experimental and clinical science to seek opportunities find, develop and test, experimentally and clinically, probiotics, which could be expected to be powerful tools to prevent sepsis. Our first efforts resulted in a one LAB/one fiber composition, produced by fermentation of oat meal with Lactobacillus plantarum strain 299 [56,57,58]. I worked with this synbiotic composition for more than ten years.…”

Section: Personal Experience With Pro- and Synbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro- and Synbiotics to Prevent Sepsis in Major Surgery and Severe Emergencies

Bengmark

2012

Nutrients

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Septic morbidity associated with advanced surgical and medical treatments is unacceptably high, and so is the incidence of complications occurring in connection with acute emergencies such as severe trauma and severe acute pancreatitis. Only considering the US, it will annually affect approximately (app) 300 million (mill) of a population of almost one million inhabitants and cause the death of more than 200,000 patients, making sepsis the tenth most common cause of death in the US. Two major factors affect this, the lifestyle-associated increased weakness of the immune defense systems, but more than this the artificial environment associated with modern treatments such as mechanical ventilation, use of tubes, drains, intravascular lines, artificial nutrition and extensive use of synthetic chemical drugs, methods all known to reduce or eliminate the human microbiota and impair immune functions and increase systemic inflammation. Attempts to recondition the gut by the supply of microorganisms have sometimes shown remarkably good results, but too often failed. Many factors contribute to the lack of success: unsuitable choice of probiotic species, too low dose, but most importantly, this bio-ecological treatment has never been given the opportunity to be tried as an alternative treatment. Instead it has most often been applied as complementary to all the other treatments mentioned above, including antibiotic treatment. The supplemented lactic acid bacteria have most often been killed already before they have reached their targeted organs.

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Effect of fermented oatmeal soup on the cholesterol level and theLactobacillus colonization of rat intestinal mucosa

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution

Diversification of the gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of host-driven evolution

Nutrition of the Critically Ill — A 21st-Century Perspective

Pro- and Synbiotics to Prevent Sepsis in Major Surgery and Severe Emergencies

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