Effect of fermented moist feed on performance, gut bacteria and gut histo-morphology in broilers

Abstract

1. Fermented feed has been shown to be beneficial in pig nutrition as a tool to reduce gut microbial disorders. Experiments with fermented feed in poultry are scarce, probably because of the belief that wet feed is less suitable for this species and causes wet litter. 2. A total of 280 one-d-old Ross 308 chickens were used in a completely randomised design with two dietary treatments (7 replicates of 20 birds/treatment); air-dry feed versus the same feed in moist form (water:feed ratio of 1.3:1, on a weight basis), inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 40087 (9 log10 CFU/kg feed) and batch-fermented for 48 h at 26°C. The birds were given starter (d 0-13), grower (d 4-26) and finisher (d 27-39) diets ad libitum. At the end of the grower and finisher period, two birds per pen were removed to sample intestinal contents for cultivating bacteria and intestinal tissue to determine villus height and crypt depth. 3. Fermented moist feed (FMF) batches showed good characteristics, with a pH between 3.9 and 4.4 and DL-lactic acid between 137 and 286 mmol/l. Daily feed intake and gain were reduced considerably in the FMF group in the starter (-40 and -44%, respectively) and grower (-23 and -16%) period, though in the finisher period these birds performed better, with an improved feed utilisation. Concomitant with the latter, villus height at the mid-jejunum and mid-ileum on d 39 was higher (+22.6% and +16.0%). Significantly more Lactobacilli and less coliforms were found in the foregut and less Streptococci in ileum and caeca of birds given FMF. 4. This trial showed that FMF was detrimental for early bird growth but affected beneficially feed efficiency, the composition of the gut bacteria and villus height in the small intestine in the finisher period in broilers.

Performance of broilers fed raw or fermented and redried wheat, barley, and oat grains

“…For the use of bacteria (9,10,14), yeast (7), and fungi (8) inoculants, the SSF process requires aseptic conditions. Asepsis inevitably raises the cost of the final product.…”

“…To date, many researchers have mimicked both aseptic and nonaseptic conditions of an SSF process with or without microbial inoculants to ferment various feed materials for increasing the DL-lactic acid content (9,10) and lactic acid bacteria counts (3,(7)(8)(9)(11)(12)(13), for the elimination of antinutritional factors (7,14), for the fortification of major nutrients and enzymes (7,8,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and for the destruction of grain viscous constituents (6). Successful fermentation depends on the control of many factors.…”

Blood Profile, Digestive Organ and Fecal Ammonia of Laying Ducks Fed by Fermented Feed

“…Pakan basah fermentasi yang diberikan pada broiler masa akhir, juga sangat positif terhadap efisiensi pakan, komposisi bakteri saluran pencernaan, dan memperbaiki kondisi vili usus (Missotten et al, 2013). Lebih lanjut dituliskan bahwa berat vili baik yeyenum dan ileum serta jumlah BAL lebih tinggi pada saluran pencernaan awal dan Streptococci sp pada ileum dan sekum lebih sedikit.…”

“…Walaupun pemberian pakan fermentasi basah dengan waktu fermentasi 48 jam pada broiler juga memberikan lantai kandang lebih basah (Missotten et al, 2013), akan tetapi karena dapat kadar amonia feses menurun, maka kandang tidak akan lebih bau dengan pemberian pakan fermentasi. Selain manajemen pakan, jenis alas kandang juga dapat menurunkan kadar amonia pada broiler (Ibrahim dan Allaily, 2012).…”

Potensi Pakan Fermentasi Anaerob Menggunakan Bahan Pakan Lokal untuk Ternak Itik

“…Pakan fermentasi dapat memperbaiki performa ternak (Missotten et al 2013;Ahmed et al 2014;Ridla et al 2014), profil darah (Fazhi et al 2011), kualitas daging (Ahmed et al 2014Sutama et al 2015) , amonia feses (Ahmed et al 2014), namun potensinya sebagai pakan unggas seperti itik belum banyak dilaporkan dibandingkan penggunaannya pada ternak ruminansia (Abd-Hady et al 2012). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sumber daya bahan baku pakan lokal menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerob dengan perlakuan perbedaan waktu fermentasi terhadap kualitas fisik, kimia dan biologi.…”