Effect of feeding technique,<i>ad libitum</i>, dry or wet force feeding, on the metabolisable energy values of raw materials for poultry

Lessire, Michel

doi:10.1080/00071669008417309

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Its chemical composition was: dry matter 940 g/kg, crude protein 90·1 g/kg, crude fat 20·1 g/kg and crude fibre 20·6 g/kg. Maize samples were precision-fed according to the bioassay methods described by Sibbald (1976) and Lessire (1990). Birds were not fed for 24 h to assure that no food residues remained in their alimentary tracts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 6 birds of each sex of both lines were fasted for estimation of endogenous energy excretion. Another method used for determining the bioavailable energy of maize samples was the wet precision-feeding method of Lessire (1990). According to this method water was gradually added to ground maize until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metabolisable energy values of ingredients can also be influenced by the technique with which the birds are fed (Askbrant, 1988). Lessire (1990) reported that using a wet precision-feeding assay, nitrogen corrected true metabolisable energy (TME n ) values were independent of the feeding technique used. McNab and Fisher (1981) argued that the ideal technique for ME determination would combine the simplicity, convenience and precision of Sibbald assay with higher food intakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of genetic line, sex of birds and the type of bioassay on the metabolisable energy value of maize

Yaghobfar¹

2001

British Poultry Science

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1. Experiments were conducted to determine the differences in the energy utilisation of adult hens and cockerels of a layer (Rhode Island Red) and a broiler line (Cornish). The effect of 2 different precision-feeding methodologies (wet and dry-feeding) were also compared. Birds were fasted for 24 h, precision fed with 35 g dry or 33.5 g wet corn and fasted for a further 48 h period. Excreta were collected during this period. 2. Non of the parameters (method, sex, line) had a significant effect on the ME content of maize. However, a significant interaction was found between the sex of the birds and the methodology used. Females of both genetic lines utilised the energy content of maize more efficiently than males. The opposite was found when the wet precision-feeding method was used. 3. Weight loss and endogenous energy excretions (EEL) of birds were also effected by sex and genotype. Cockerels of both lines had significantly greater EEL than females. However, since hens lost less nitrogen, the nitrogen corrected EEL (EELn) was higher for the hens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of genetic line, sex of birds and the type of bioassay on the metabolisable energy value of maize

Yaghobfar¹

2001

British Poultry Science

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“…Moreover, some investigators e.g. Lessire et al (1990) observed that feed restriction tended to improve protein, fat, and starch digestibilities irrespective of the diet. However, slower movement speed can increase the chyme residence time in the gut and help nutrient absorption.…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Immune Stress on Performance Parameters, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and mRNA Expression of Intestinal Transporters in Broiler Chickens

Feng

Yang

Wang

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis caused by external forces. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of immune stress on the growth performance, small intestinal enzymes and peristalsis rate, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in broiler chickens. Four hundred and thirty-two 1-d-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly assigned to four groups for treatment; each group included nine cages with 12 birds per cage. Group 1 = no vaccine (NV); Group 2 = conventional vaccine (CV); group 3 = lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+conventional vaccine (LPS); group 4 = cyclophosphamide (CYP)+conventional vaccine (CYP). The results demonstrated that immune stress by LPS and CYP reduced body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), small intestine peristalsis rate and sIgA content in small intestinal digesta (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) remained unchanged during the feeding period. LPS and CYP increased intestinal enzyme activity, relative expression of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k and L-FABP mRNAs (p<0.05). LPS and CYP injection had a negative effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens. The present study demonstrated that NV and CV could improve growth performance while enzyme activity in small intestine and relative expression of nutrient transporter mRNA of NV and CV were decreased in the conditions of a controlled rational feeding environment. It is generally recommended that broilers only need to be vaccinated for the diseases to which they might be exposed.

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“…Water was added carefully to the meal and mixed in order to obtain an homogeneous paste. The force-feeding technique and equipment (a force-feeding gun) were similar to those described by Lessire (1990). During the force-feeding experimental period, water was available for ad libitum intake, and trays were positioned under cages for excreta collection.…”

Section: Birds and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Age and Sex on True Digestibility of Amino Acids of Rapeseed and Soybean Meals in Growing Broilers

1992

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of age and sex of birds on true digestibilities of protein (TDP) and amino acids (TDAA) of two rapeseed meals and a soybean meal. Sixty-four broilers (50% of each sex) were used both in the first (at 3 wk of age) and the second trials (on the same animals at 6 wk of age). At the end of 3 and 6 wk of age, the birds were fasted for 24 h and then force-fed with moistened diets (diet:water: 50:50) approximately 40 and 90 g, respectively. Excreta were collected during the two 24-h periods after force-feeding. The TDP and TDAA of rapeseed and soybean meals decreased significantly as the age of broilers increased from 3 to 6 wk. At 3 wk of age, the TDP and TDAA were not influenced by the sex of the animals. At 6 wk of age, the TDAA of the two rapeseed meals was higher in males than in females. The TDAA of soybean meal did not vary with sex. Sex had no effect on the TDP values of the three raw materials tested.

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Effect of feeding technique,ad libitum, dry or wet force feeding, on the metabolisable energy values of raw materials for poultry

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of genetic line, sex of birds and the type of bioassay on the metabolisable energy value of maize

Effect of genetic line, sex of birds and the type of bioassay on the metabolisable energy value of maize

Effects of Immune Stress on Performance Parameters, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and mRNA Expression of Intestinal Transporters in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Age and Sex on True Digestibility of Amino Acids of Rapeseed and Soybean Meals in Growing Broilers

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