Effect of Family Empowerment on HbA1c Levels and Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of family empowerment through educational interventions against HbA1c level and healing progress of diabetic foot ulcers. Method. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 33 participants from 4 wound care clinics in Makassar, eastern Indonesia. The intervention group consisted of 17 participants and their families; the control group was composed of 16 participants who received nonstructural education. Family empowerment was measured by the Indonesian version of the Family Empowerment Scale instrument. Glycemic control was evaluated with HbA1c levels, and the wound healing process was evaluated on the Diabetic Foot Ulcers Assessment Scale. Result. After 3 months, Family Empowerment Scale scores improved, particularly in the subdomain of family knowledge (16.59 ± 3.92 vs 13.38 ± 1.26; P = .005) and attitude (3.65 ± 0.93 vs 2.75 ± 0.45; P = .002). After 3 months of intervention, HbA1c decreased (from 10.47 ± 2.44% to 8.81 ± 1.83%), compared with the control group ( P = .048). Meanwhile, an independent t test further revealed that the wound healing process tended to be better with the intervention group (4.71 ± 7.74) compared with the control group (17.25 ± 17.06), with P = .010 at the third month. Conclusion. Family-based education intervention creates family empowerment to control HbA1c levels and accelerate wound healing of diabetic foot ulcer.

Prevention and Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers through Informal Caregiver Involvement: A Systematic Review

“…The review included 10 studies. Three of the studies came from the USA [ 39 – 41 ], two from China [ 42 , 43 ], two from Indonesia [ 44 , 45 ] and one each from Iran [ 46 ], Ireland [ 47 ], and India [ 48 ]. The total number of participants with diabetes was 5532.…”

“…The total number of participants with diabetes was 5532. Only five studies [ 39 , 41 , 43 – 45 ] reported the characteristics and number of caregivers involved which was 359. Majority of caregivers were female (73.6%), and family relationship was mostly spouse or partner (53.6%), son/daughter (28.3%), or other family members (14.7%).…”

Pelatihan Diet Rendah Garam pada Keluarga dan Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Batua Makassar

“…Setiap pertemuan diawali dengan mereview hasil pelatihan sebelumnya, dan untuk mempermudah pemahaman pasien Hipertensi, maka diberikan pula link untuk et al, 2019), meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap anggota keluarga dalam membantu proses penyembukan luka kaki diabetes pada anggota keluarganya yang menderita DM (Appil et al, 2020), meningkatnya pemahaman perangkat Desa Mranggen setelah diberikan pelatihan Komputer Microsoft Office Exel (Niati, Soelistiyono and Ariefiantoro, 2019).…”

Development of Supportive-Educative Range of Motion Exercise for Post-stroke Patients: A Pilot Study

“…Many educative-supportive programs have been conducted for patients with chronic diseases, such as DM, to determine the regularity of their diet and treatment. 28,31 In patients with Tuberculosis, a study has also been conducted and proven using educative-supportive programs to achieve more optimal healing. 32 Therefore, the researcher aims to assess the effectiveness of supportive-educative ROM exercises on health outcomes in patients with stroke in home care settings because the healing process of patients with stroke requires a special approach to achieve maximum outcomes compared with health education in general, so a method of guidance or assistance and learning support for patients is needed, in the form of an educative-supportive approach to change patients’ behavior, to be independent and optimal in their care through the teaching, guiding, and supporting stages.…”