Effect of Extraction Method on the Concentrations of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Mandarin Juice

Abstract

A mandarin-type citrus fruit, ponkan (Citrus reticulata), was processed by in-line, chopper pulper, and hand-press extractions to investigate the effect of extraction method on the concentrations of bioactive compounds in processed juice. Concentrations of polymethoxylated flavones (tangeretin, nobiletin, and sinensetin) and beta-cryptoxanthin in juice, and inhibitory activities against arachidonate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases of the juice extract were analyzed. The juice processed by hand-press extraction contained the largest amounts of nobiletin (3.56 mg/100 mL), tangeretin (4.10 mg/100 mL), and sinensetin (0.13 mg/100 mL). Concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin were 0.66, 0.59, 0.55, and 0.50 mg/100 mL in chopper pulper, in-line (5/64 in.), in-line (8/64 in.) and hand-press juices, respectively. Both extracts of in-line juices showed greater inhibitory activity toward platelet 12-lipoxygenase than the others. The inhibitory effect of hand-press juice extract on platelet cyclooxygenase activity was remarkable among juice extracts. All juice extracts effectively inhibited polymorphonuclear 5-lipoxygenase activity at nearly the same rate.

Influence of postharvest processing and storage on the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in foods

“…Indeed, in the mandarin type citrus fruit, ponkan (Citrus reticulata), polymethoxylated flavones like nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin were found, in decreasing order, in flavedo, albedo and segment membrane, while in juice sacs these compounds were not detected [143]. This is in agreement with the characteristics of flavonoids in the peel of citrus fruits which is rich in polymethoxylated-, C-glycosylated-and O-glycosylated flavones [142,143].…”

“…Grapefruits [124,126], buckwheat [131], rooibos tea [117], artichokes [132], honey [133], parsley [134], olives [85,134,135], lemons [129,130,136], lettuce [137], pepper [137], chicory [137], wine [138,139], grape juice [7], grapes [124], wheat [140], plums [124], peas [124], bamboo leaves [64,141], oranges [5,66,124,142], ponkan (mandarin-type) [143], tangerine essential oils [144], broccoli [145], hop [18], cabbage [124], and blueberries [124].…”

“…The following list gives an enumeration of all the measures or procedures investigated: Grafting [136], time of harvest [130,137], storage [146], maturity [130], wine ageing [147], geographical origin [144,147], authentication [133], juice and nectar production [129], distribution in fruit [142,143], thermal treatment [5,148], cold-pressing of essential oils [144], extraction procedures [85,142], and recovery from waste [85].…”

Isolation of eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7‐O‐rutinoside) as an arachidonate lipoxygenase inhibitor from Lumie fruit (Citrus lumia) and its distribution in Citrus species

“…36 In addition, the inhibitory activity of juice extract from mandarin orange (C. reticulata) towards 12-LOX differed markedly depending on the method of extraction. 37 The extraction process can be optimised to achieve the desired recovery from albedo tissue.…”

Effects of Chronic Administration of Fruit Extract (Citrus unshiu MARC) on Endothelial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Although our data suggest that citrus fruit administration may preserve endothelial function by alleviating oxidative stress in diabetic rats, we did not directly investigate which ingredient(s) of these fruits might exert this beneficial effect. Indeed, citrus fruits contain antioxidants such as vitamin C, 21,39) polyphenol, 40) flavonoids 41) and b-cryptoxanthin. 42) Further investigation is required on this point.…”