Effect of extracellular-enzyme activities on solubilization rate of soil organic nitrogen

Asmar, Farouq; Eiland, F.; Nielsen, Niels Erik

doi:10.1007/bf00418669

Cited by 140 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes by microorganisms is a primary mechanism for the decomposition of soil organic matter. These enzymes break down complex organic molecules releasing smaller molecules into the environment which can be assimilated and mineralized (Asmar et al 1994;Madigan et al 2003). The availability of different organic substrates regulates the production of these hydrolytic enzymes (Velasco-Ayuso et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of different organic substrates regulates the production of these hydrolytic enzymes (Velasco-Ayuso et al 2011). The activity of extracellular enzymes represents the rate-limiting step in processing soil organic matter and constitutes a direct indicator of microbial production (Asmar et al 1994;Chróst 1992;Conant et al 2011;Velasco-Ayuso et al 2011). Extracellular enzyme activity is commonly used to assess the functional capacity of microbial communities (Allison and Treseder 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitude-dependent underestimation of microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils

Gonzalez

Guisado

Piñeiro-Vidal

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Decomposition of soil organic matter by microorganisms is a major process governing the carbon balance between soil and atmosphere which needs to be fully understood. Extracellular enzyme activity is often the limiting factor for microbial utilization of soil organic matter. Contrary to expectations, we observed that enzymatic activity rises at increasing temperatures in soils and sediments. Current climatic change will induce the increase of global mean temperatures, frequency of extreme heat events and soil temperatures during the next decades. The relevance of the increase in activity at high temperature is dependent on latitude. At latitudes around and below 40°a significant number of days per year present high temperatures. Results suggest that the hydrolytic activity of microbial extracellular enzymes is currently underestimated mainly at medium and low latitudes where soil temperatures frequently reach high values (often above 40°C). This report contributes to understand (1) the hydrolysis of soil organic matter within a latitude-dependent scenario of global warming and (2) the role of microorganisms in processing soil organic matter and their influence in carbon cycling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitude-dependent underestimation of microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils

Gonzalez

Guisado

Piñeiro-Vidal

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…To gain access to C, microbes synthesize extracellular enzymes that decompose particulate and mineral associated organic matter (Asmar et al 1994;Burns et al 2002;Sinsabaugh and Moorhead 1994). In this way, extracellular enzymes are considered the proximal drivers of decomposition and are important for the stabilization of soil organic matter (Six et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological shifts in the microbial community drive changes in enzyme activity in a perennial agroecosystem

Hargreaves

Hofmockel

2013

Biogeochemistry

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Perennial agroecosystems have the potential to promote plant-microbial linkages by increasing the quantity of root carbon entering the soil. However, an understanding of how perennial cropping systems affect microbial communities remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for a fertilized perennial bioenergy cropping system to impact microbial growth and enzyme activity. Three times throughout the growing season we examined the activity of four enzymes involved in decomposition (ß-glucosidase, ß-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase) in replicated plots of an annual (corn) and perennial-based (switchgrass) cropping system. We also took simultaneous measurements of microbial biomass and potential rates of microbial respiration and net N mineralization. Microbial biomass was unaffected by cropping system. Mid-summer, however, we observed increases in enzyme activity and potential microbial respiration in the perennial system that were independent of microbial biomass, likely in response to labile carbon inputs. Further, we observed lower net N mineralization, higher microbial biomass nitrogen and higher activity of nitrogen liberating enzymes, which are indicative of a community with high nitrogen demands. Overall, our research demonstrates that perennial agroecosystems can affect the physiological capacity of the microbial community, yielding communities with greater nitrogen retention and greater rates of decomposition as a result of allocation of resources towards enzyme production and nitrogen mining. These results can inform biogeochemical models with respect to the importance of temporally dynamic changes in carbon and nitrogen availability and microbial carbon use efficiency as drivers of enzyme production.

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“…First, priming may occur when microorganisms become nutrient-limited during the degradation of new labile C and co-metabolize pre-existing soil organic matter to meet their nutrient demands, leading to soil C being mineralized and released as 'primed' CO 2 (Blagodatskaya and Kuzyakov 2008). Supporting evidence for this mechanism is provided by laboratory experiments on temperate soils, which measured increased activity of organic nitrogen (N)-degrading enzymes during priming (Asmar et al 1994) and a reduction in priming when N was added with labile C, due to a switch from soil C to added labile C as the preferred substrate ('preferential substrate utilization'; Hagedorn et al 2003;Blagodatskaya et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming and microbial nutrient limitation in lowland tropical forest soils of contrasting fertility

et al. 2011

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Effect of extracellular-enzyme activities on solubilization rate of soil organic nitrogen

Cited by 140 publications

References 24 publications

Latitude-dependent underestimation of microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils

Latitude-dependent underestimation of microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils

Physiological shifts in the microbial community drive changes in enzyme activity in a perennial agroecosystem

Priming and microbial nutrient limitation in lowland tropical forest soils of contrasting fertility

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