Effect of External Electric Field Application on the Clogging Behavior of Submerged Entry Nozzles During Aluminum-Killed Steel Casting

Sulfides like MnS are common phases in resulfurized free‐cutting steels, and required to be controlled during the hot working process due to its influence on machinability, mechanical and physical properties of final products. This article extensively reviews published researchs on sulfides in resulfurized free‐cutting steels. The formation mechanism and modification of MnS during steelmaking, casting, and heat treatment are discussed based on a number of relevant studies. Measures to control the morphology and number of sulfides are supplied, which are beneficial for the producing of resulfurized free‐cutting steels with high quality. Thermodynamic calculation proves to be an effective method to predict and control sulfides.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

“…[ 140–144 ] There are also a few researches on the impact of EPT on the evolution of inclusions. [ 145–147 ]…”

Section: Methods For Sulfide Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electropulsing Treatment During Melting and Solidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art in the Control of Sulfides in Steels

Gao,

Zhang

2023

“…In recent years, electric current pulse (ECP) has been used as a kind of nonequilibrium treatment in the manufacturing process. [22][23][24][25][26][27] At present, there have been many studies reported on the effects of ECP on the precipitation behavior of the secondary phase. [28][29][30][31] Wang found that the diffusion activation energy of Pb was reduced significantly by ECP treatment in the Cu-Zn alloy, and Pb particles were dissolved and transferred into defects or grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electric Current Pulse Treatment on Phosphide Precipitation Behavior in 304 Stainless Steel

Jia

Zhong

et al. 2023

Self Cite

The precipitation behavior of phosphides in melting and solidification of 304 stainless steel under treatment using an electric current pulse (ECP) is studied. The composition and crystal structure of phosphides are confirmed and analyzed via scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the phosphides are composed of Cr, Mn, S, and P in the sample that is quenched at 1773 K without ECP treatment. From the high-resolution TEM images and selected area electron diffraction, the crystal lattice structure of phosphides is the same as that of Cr 3 P. Mn and S replace some of the Cr and P in the Cr 3 P lattice because of the replacement solution. Phosphides are hardly detected in the samples that are treated using ECP. ECP treatment inhibits the formation of Cr 3 P. Phosphide is mainly presented in the form of CrP 4 in the samples that are quenched at 1583 K, which contain a large number of nanoaustenite grains. Meanwhile, ECP treatment inhibits the growth of phosphides because of differences in the conductivity between molten steel and phosphides during solidification. The size of phosphides decreases with an increase in current density.

“…The application of an external electric field as new technology has been used widely in the field of metallurgy because of its low energy consumption and the gain effect it brings to related processes [26][27][28][29][30][31] such as, refining, continuous casting, and heat treatment, etc. Meanwhile, based on the theory of slag ions, both the submerged entry nozzle and the mold flux can be regarded as "conductors" during the continuous casting procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Erosion Mechanism of the Mold Flux Containing Rare Earth Oxide on the Submerged Entry Nozzle Affected by an External Electric Field

Tian

Yuan

Wen

et al. 2022

Considering the change and unpredictability of the mold flux containing rare earth oxides, the impact of controlling the erosion behavior of the mold flux containing rare earth oxide on the submerged entry nozzle is thoroughly investigated herein by applying an electric field. The extracted results show that the rare earth is reduced, and Ce 3þ ions and compounds are formed. Under the control of electrochemical reaction in the negative enforced electric field, a stable and dense protective film with a multilayer structure is formed on the surface of the electrode. The existence of this film can effectively prevent the erosion of the submerged entry nozzle. In addition, the phase composition of the mold flux is not affected by the externally applied electric field. The implementation of the external electric field is anticipated to be used as a new method for the highquality and high-efficiency continuous casting production of rare earth steel.