Effect of exposure to 2,5-hexanediol in light or darkness on the retina of albino and pigmented rats. I. Morphology

Bäckström, B; Nylén, Per; Hagman, Maud; Ac, Johnson; Höglund, G.; Vp, Collins

doi:10.1007/bf01974347

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Much later, significant advance of diagnostic tools, such as electroretinographic assessment of early retinopathy in rats (Maertins et al 1993 ), triggered a new era of research on retinotoxins, by combining morphological and physiological methods (Nyska et al 1992 ). Examples of toxicants examined are 2-hexanediol (Bäckström et al 1993 , 1998 ; Nylen et al 1993 ) and the antibacterial agent sitafloxacin (Shimoda et al 2001 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in retinal toxicity research

Bolt

Hengstler

2022

Arch Toxicol

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in retinal toxicity research

Bolt

Hengstler

2022

Arch Toxicol

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Chemical and Physical Agent Interaction

Nylén¹,

Johnson²,

Englund³

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter, concerning interactions at simultaneous or successive exposure to both physical and chemical factors, focuses on the industrial environment. Examples of this kind of interaction can probably be found in a large variety of totally different and unrelated areas, and the present text is not intended to be a complete review but to present illustrative examples of studies and occupational areas in which such interactions are included. Reported findings are of both physicochemical and biological nature, most often descriptive observations, and referred papers rarely include mechanistic information or hypotheses. Exposure levels are often higher than those found at today's work sites, and the possibility of using data for making reasonable, adequate extrapolations often remains unknown. Despite these limitations, it is the main intentions of the present text to inform and alert occupational health practitioners and other interested readers about what attempts have been made so far to gain knowledge about the situation in the vast majority of work sites, specifically, combined exposure to both at least one physical agent and one chemical agent. The presentation is ordered using the respective physical factors as subtitles under which published data concerning the particular factor's interaction with different chemicals are presented. Physical factors presented are mechanical factors such as sound waves (most often referred to as “noise”) and vibrations; the thermal factors heat and cold, electrostatic fields; and electromagnetic radiation from low frequency fields, radio frequencies, visible light, ultraviolet light, to ionizing radiation. Since many of these physical factors most naturally interacts with sensory functions, the text often focuses on interactions seen as sensory and nervous system alterations in both animals and humans. Exposures to physical factors and chemicals that are not primarily related to occupational exposure, for example, the multitude of drugs that can interact with sunlight, are considered as being a general toxicological problem rather than a specific occupational toxicological issue. Readers interested in such interactions are therefore referred to the pharmacological literature.

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Effect of exposure to 2,5-hexanediol in light or darkness on the retina of albino and pigmented rats. I. Morphology

Bäckström¹,

Nylén²,

Hagman³

et al. 1993

Arch Toxicol

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Male albino (Sprague Dawley) and pigmented (Norwegian Brown) rats received 1% 2,5-hexanediol (H) in their drinking water for 5 or 8 weeks, respectively. The rats were housed either in 12 h light (average 30 cd/cm2 inside cage) and 12 h darkness (group LH) or in total darkness (group DH). Two control groups (Light only, LC; Darkness only, DC) were studied in parallel under identical conditions. The animals were sacrificed at the end of H exposure or after an ensuing 13-week period without H but under the same lighting conditions. The retinas of albino rats in the LH group showed a reduction (compared to the LC, DH and DC groups) in the number of nuclei per unit area of the outer nuclear layer (ONL; p < 0.05) and degeneration of the outer segment and the inner segment layers (photoreceptor cells). A less pronounced loss of nuclei was seen in the LC group. No decrease in the number of nuclei, or signs of degeneration, were demonstrated in the albino DH or DC groups. Thirteen weeks after exposure to H, the albino LH rats had lost about 50% of the nuclei in the ONL (p < 0.05) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL) had almost disappeared. At the corresponding time, in the pigmented rats the LH and DH groups differed from the LC and DC groups. The degenerative process resulted in no inflammatory changes in the retina. The results imply an interaction exceeding simple summation after exposure to light and H, in destroying photoreceptors and OPL (p < 0.001) in albino rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Effect of exposure to 2,5-hexanediol in light or darkness on the retina of albino and pigmented rats. I. Morphology

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Progress in retinal toxicity research

Progress in retinal toxicity research

Chemical and Physical Agent Interaction

Effect of exposure to 2,5-hexanediol in light or darkness on the retina of albino and pigmented rats. I. Morphology

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