Effect of Exogenous Testosterone on Prostate Volume, Serum and Semen Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Healthy Young Men

Cooper, Christopher S.; Perry, Paul J.; Sparks, Amy E.T.; MacIndoe, John H.; Yates, William R.; Williams, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63944-2

Cited by 106 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One alternative explanation for the decreased PSA concentration seen in the obese men may be a decrease in circulating levels of androgens that are more likely to be found in obese men (13). However, previous studies have shown that only for hypogonadal men, who underwent testosterone replacement treatment, PSA levels increases (14). Although for healthy young men suffering testosterone administration, PSA did not change (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentration and Hemodilution among Chinese Middle-Aged Obese Men: A Hematocrit-Based Equation for Plasma Volume Estimation Is Induced

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Lu³

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: A hematocrit (HCT)-based and a body surface area (BSA)-based equations were applied for plasma volume (PV) estimation, respectively, to confirm and quantify the hemodilution effect in prostatespecific antigen (PSA) screening among obese men. The agreement between the equations was additionally investigated.Methods: A total of 1,444 men were retrospectively collected, with ages 40 to 65 years, PSA 0 to 4 ng/mL, and no prostate cancer. PSA mass was calculated as PSA concentration multiplied by PV. Multivariable linear regression models, theoretical models, and the Bland-Altman method were used.Results: PSA concentration significantly decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI; b ¼ À0.011, P < 0.001); however, PSA mass estimated by HCT-(b ¼ 0.004, P ¼ 0.132) and BSA (b ¼ À0.003, P ¼ 0.094)-based equations remained consistent. A screening PSA of 4.0 ng/mL in nonobese men was found to be corresponding to 3.32 and 3.68 ng/mL in obese men extrapolated by PV on the basis of HCT and BSA, respectively. Moreover, the mean (95% confidence interval) difference of PV between the two equations was 0.33 (À0.06 to 0.73) L.Conclusions: The inverse relationship between PSA concentration and BMI might be explained by a hemodilution effect among obese men. There is significant variation in PV calculated by the two equations.Impact: A value between 3.32 and 3.68 ng/mL might be recommended for PSA screening in middle-aged obese Asian men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10);

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentration and Hemodilution among Chinese Middle-Aged Obese Men: A Hematocrit-Based Equation for Plasma Volume Estimation Is Induced

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Lu³

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Literature also offers studies that tried to assess the correlation in the other way. Cooper et al administered Testosterone in 31 subjects and monitored the prostate volume and PSA levels but despite significant elevations in serum total and free Testosterone, healthy young men did not demonstrate increased serum or semen PSA levels, or increased prostate volume [6]. Based on a study of 65 men Gustafsson et al also observed that there was no relationship between PSA and Testosterone [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a Clinically Useful Relationship between Testosterone and Prostate Specific Antigen in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?

Tanwar¹,

Sood²,

Khattar³

et al. 2015

Andrology (Los Angel)

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Introduction: Relationship between Testosterone and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) in patients with Lower urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) is ambiguous. The present study aims to establish the relationship of these variables in patients with LUTS, with a larger study cohort.Methods: A retrospective study was done over a period of 4 years at a tertiary care center. Free and total PSA were correlated with age, prostate volume and Testosterone using appropriate statistical tests in 1156 patients. Patients were stratified into two groups based on PSA level of 4 ng/ml and correlation was studied separately.Results: A weak negative correlation was present between free PSA and Testosterone levels (-0.182, p<0.001) and total PSA and Testosterone levels (-0.223, p<0.001) and between prostate volume and serum Testosterone (-0.45, p<0.001). Volume correlated positively with free and total PSA. When groups were independently analysed no significant correlation was found between Testosterone and PSA in patients with PSA >4 ng/ml but a weak negative correlation was found between free PSA and Testosterone (-0.156, p<0.001). Conclusion:In patients with LUTS, Testosterone and PSA levels are poorly interrelated especially when PSA is more than 4 mg/ml. There is a need to explore whether this weak association between PSA, prostate volume and total Testosterone is of any clinical utility.

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“…Хотя снижение концентраций те-стостерона сыворотки до диапазона, соответствующего определению кастрации, явно вызывает регрессию рака предстательной железы и снижает уровни простато-специфического антигена, имеющиеся доказательные данные говорят об ограниченной способности андро-генов стимулировать рост рака предстательной железы, поскольку максимальная андрогенная стимуляция до-стигается на низких концентрациях тестостерона [6]. Например, воздействие супрафизиологических уров-ней тестостерона на протяжении до 9 месяцев не при-вело к увеличению уровней простатоспецифического антигена или объема предстательной железы у здоро-вых добровольцев [68]. Наличие конечного предела у способности андрогенов стимулировать рост пред-стательной железы обозначается термином «модель насыщения» [69,70].…”

Section: заявление 8 существующие доказательные данные не подтверждаunclassified

The consensus recommendations of a group of international experts on the fundamental concepts related to the issues of testosterone deficiency and its treatment.

Morgentaler

Абрахам²,

Zitzmann³

et al. 2016

Obes. metabol.

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Conference on the development of the international expert consensus to address frequently asked questions related to a medical condition of testosterone deficiency (TD, male hypogonadism) and testosterone therapy was held in Prague (Czech Republic) on October 1, 2015. The included experts were representatives from a variety of medical specialties, including urology, endocrinology, diabetology, internal medicine, as well as representatives of basic medical sciences. An international team of experts came to the following conclusions: TD - an important medical condition that affects the health and well-being of men; TD symptoms is a consequence of low testosterone levels, regardless of whether background etiology installed; TD consequences are global; care must be taken in an attempt to use any uniform threshold levels of testosterone for a decision on the appointment of testosterone therapy; a person does not have any reason to refrain from appointing testosterone therapy only on the basis of age; the existing evidence does not suggest increasing the prostate cancer or cardiovascular disease risk during testosterone therapy; there is evidence conserning the feasibility of a major research initiative to explore possible cardioprotective beneficial effects of testosterone therapy in men with metabolic disorders, including diabetes.

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Effect of Exogenous Testosterone on Prostate Volume, Serum and Semen Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Healthy Young Men

Abstract: Despite significant elevations in serum total and free testosterone, healthy young men do not demonstrate increased serum or semen PSA levels, or increased prostate volume in response to exogenous testosterone injections.

Cited by 106 publications

References 20 publications

Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentration and Hemodilution among Chinese Middle-Aged Obese Men: A Hematocrit-Based Equation for Plasma Volume Estimation Is Induced

Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentration and Hemodilution among Chinese Middle-Aged Obese Men: A Hematocrit-Based Equation for Plasma Volume Estimation Is Induced

Is there a Clinically Useful Relationship between Testosterone and Prostate Specific Antigen in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?

The consensus recommendations of a group of international experts on the fundamental concepts related to the issues of testosterone deficiency and its treatment.

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