Effect of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of lipid classes in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TG) in rat liver, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius medialis), and adipose tissue (epididymal and subcutaneous fat). For this purpose, the relevant tissues of 11 trained rats were compared to those of 14 untrained ones. Training caused several significant differences of large effect size in the concentrations and percentages of individual fatty acids in the aforementioned lipid classes. The fatty acid composition of liver PL, in terms of both concentrations and percentages, changed with training. The TG content of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased significantly with training. In contrast to the liver, where no significant differences in the fatty acid profile of TG were found, muscle underwent more significant differences in TG than PL, and adipose tissue only in TG. Most differences were in the same direction in muscle and adipose tissue TG, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. Estimated fatty acid elongase activity was significantly higher, whereas Delta(9)-desaturase activity was significantly lower in muscle and adipose tissue of the trained rats. In conclusion, exercise training modified the fatty acid composition of liver PL, muscle PL and TG, as well as adipose tissue TG. These findings may aid in delineating the effects of exercise on biological functions such as membrane properties, cell signaling, and gene expression.

Long-term exercise increases the DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ in rat adipose tissue

“…Because the serum leptin concentration is positively related to fat mass [22], our finding suggests a decrease in total body fat mass with training. Attesting to this are our previous findings of decreased triacylglycerol concentrations in the subcutaneous fat and gastrocnemius muscle of the same animals [21]. In addition, leptin's reduction can be considered as an adaptation to exercise training [13] because leptin has been reported to be lowered by exercise training in rats in an additive manner to body weight or body fat reduction [23][24][25].…”

“…We have recently examined the effect of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue [21]. Along with several differences in the fatty acid profile of these tissues, we found lower triacylglycerol concentrations in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat of trained compared with untrained animals, as well as higher activities of 2 key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation, namely, carnitine palmitoyltransferase and 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase in muscle.…”

Fatty acid composition of pectoralis muscle membrane, intramuscular fat stores and adipose tissue of migrant and wintering white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)

“…Thus, the 'exercise' component of migration would likely have resulted in opposite changes from that observed in our study. Furthermore, the effect of exercise on muscle PL composition has been variable and inconsistent (Turner et al, 2004;Petridou et al, 2005). Helge and colleagues (Helge et al, 1999) found that the FA muscle membrane PL composition of trained rats was significantly different from that of sedentary rats fed the same diet (increased 18:2n-6, decreased 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3).…”

Short communication. Effect of housing system during the finishing period on growth performance and quality fat of Iberian pigs

“…It is known that the acceptability and quality of the products from Iberian pig are mainly attributed to differences in the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. On the other hand, some experiments have reported a positive effect of exercise on human health due to that exercise may play an important role in several aspects of lipid metabolism such as lipolityc activity, oxidation, and elongation and desaturation of fatty acids (Petridou et al, 2005;Votruba et al, 2005;Bergouignan et al, 2006). To our knowledge there is not enough information on the possible effect of exercise on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from Iberian pig reared indoor and fed mixed diets.…”