Effect of exercise intensity and training on antioxidants and cholesterol profile in cyclists

Aguiló, Antoni; Tauler, Pere; Guix, Maria Pilar; Villa, Gerardo; Córdova, Alfredo; Tur, Josep A.; Pons, Antoni

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00052-4

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These findings agree with previous results demonstrating that vitamin E supplementation decreases plasma cholesterol levels (Koul et al, 2003). Moreover, a previous work from our team pointed out that long term, high intensity exercise did not mobilize cholesterol, but eliminated LDL-cholesterol in well-trained people (Aguiló et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, it is not completely understood whether the body's natural antioxidant defence system is sufficient to counteract the increased free radical production with exercise or whether additional supplements are needed (Clarkson & Thompson, 2000). Therefore, the knowledge of antioxidant nutrient handling during exercise may contribute to establish physical exercise benefits as well as the possible need of antioxidant nutrient dietary supplementation for the prevention of exercise-induced oxidative stress (Aguiló et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential response of plasma and immune cell's vitamin E levels to physical activity and antioxidant vitamin supplementation

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess the differential response of plasma, lymphocyte and neutrophil vitamin E levels to high-intensity physical activity and to vitamin C and E supplementation. Subjects: In all, 14 male trained amateur runners (32-36 y old) were randomly divided in two groups (supplemented and placebo), and participated in a half marathon race. The subjects did not take any other supplements than the ones provided for this study. Intervention: Vitamin C (152 mg/day) and E (50 mg/day) supplementation was administrated to athletes for a month, using a new almond-based isotonic and energetic beverage (supplemented group). The usual dietary habits of participants were assessed using a self-reported 7-day 24-h recall before the day of the study. To avoid the beverage influence, nonenriched vitamin C and E almond-based isotonic and energetic beverage was given to the placebo group. After 1 month, subjects participated in a half marathon race (21 km run). Vitamin E concentration was determined in plasma, neutrophils and lymphocytes before and immediately after the race, and 3 h after finishing the race. Results: Daily energy intake and caloric profile of supplemented and placebo group were not different except for vitamin C and E supplementation. Vitamin supplementation and exercise had no effect on vitamins E levels in plasma. The exercise significantly (Po0.05) increased the lymphocyte vitamin E concentration both in the placebo ( þ 119%) and supplemented groups ( þ 128%), and neutrophil vitamin E content in the supplemented group ( þ 88%). These levels remained significantly (Po0.05) high after the short recovery. After exercise, vitamin E levels in lymphocytes and neutrophils of supplemented subjects were practically twice the levels before exercise, whereas neutrophil vitamin E content of the placebo group was close to those in plasma. Conclusion: After endurance exercise, lymphocytes increased their vitamin E content in the supplemented and placebo subjects whereas this trend in neutrophils was just observed in the supplemented group. The determination of vitamin E content in lymphocytes and neutrophils after exercise is a useful tool to assess the functional status of vitamin E.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of plasma and immune cell's vitamin E levels to physical activity and antioxidant vitamin supplementation

et al. 2005

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“…87 However, a study comparing professional elite cyclists to recreational cyclists showed that increases in blood levels of antioxidant vitamins in response to exercise will vary with training status. 88 Professional cyclists significantly increased plasma ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations but recreational cyclists had no change in these antioxidant vitamins after exercise. 88 For people with SCI, who may already be deconditioned and have detrimental changes in muscle morphology and function, better understanding of how the frequency of training impacts oxidative stress responses is required, particularly in determining the initial dosage of rehabilitation programs.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Rehabilitation In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…88 Professional cyclists significantly increased plasma ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations but recreational cyclists had no change in these antioxidant vitamins after exercise. 88 For people with SCI, who may already be deconditioned and have detrimental changes in muscle morphology and function, better understanding of how the frequency of training impacts oxidative stress responses is required, particularly in determining the initial dosage of rehabilitation programs. Nevertheless, we should be able to reasonably expect that with ongoing training, antioxidant defense systems can adapt and improve.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Rehabilitation In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

et al. 2013

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Study design: Review article. Objectives: To provide an overview of free radical biology, particularly with respect to muscle physiology, as well as the potential effects of muscle morphological changes, physical capacity and nutritional status on oxidative stress in people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The potential implications of these factors for determining the optimal dosage of rehabilitation training interventions in people with chronic SCI will also be presented. Setting: Vancouver, BC, Canada. Methods: Literature review. Results: Not applicable. Conclusion: There has been a great deal of focus on rehabilitation exercise interventions providing intensive practice of movements to enhance functional recovery and physical capacity following SCI. However, there is still much to be understood about the appropriate dosage of training parameters (e.g. frequency, duration). It has been known for several decades that exercise increases free radical production, leading to oxidative stress. To date, there has been little consideration of the potential interaction of oxidative stress with training parameters on functional outcomes in chronic SCI. Furthermore, individuals with chronic SCI face many secondary consequences of their injury, such as muscle atrophy, change in muscle fiber type, general deconditioning and nutritional status, that are known to influence free radical production and antioxidant capacity. Better understanding of the potential confounding effects of oxidative stress associated with exercise will improve our ability to determine the optimal 'dose' of rehabilitation training to maximize functional recovery following SCI.

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“…The free radical production that occurs during lowintensity exercise does not exceed the body's antioxidant capacity; thus, no free radical damage is observed. However, free radical production and oxidative stress are both greatly increased during high-intensity exercise (Aguiló et al, 2003;Finaud et al, 2006;Goto et al, 2003). The liver is a complex organ that plays a key role in the detoxification and excretion of wastes and toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gender and exercise on malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and total glutathione levels in rat liver

Pepe¹

2011

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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This study examined the effects of gender, acute exhaustive exercise and endurance training on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx) and total glutathione (GSH) in rat liver. The study was carried out with 12-week-old male and female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four subgroups: untrained-control, trained-control, untrained-exhausted, and trained-exhausted. Endurance training consisted of swimming 1 h each day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Rats in exhausted exercise group were forced to swim until exhaustion. Levels of MDA and GSH in the liver were affected by both gender and acute exhaustive exercise. There were no significant interactions between gender, acute exhaustive exercise and endurance training on MDA, NOx or GSH levels in rat liver. In contrast to MDA and GSH levels, the level of NOx was not affected by acute exhaustive exercise or gender. Acute exhaustive exercise increased lipid peroxidation in the liver, especially in females. As a result, we conclude that gender, exhaustive exercise and endurance training do not have an effect on liver MDA, NOx and GSH levels.

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Effect of exercise intensity and training on antioxidants and cholesterol profile in cyclists

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Differential response of plasma and immune cell's vitamin E levels to physical activity and antioxidant vitamin supplementation

Differential response of plasma and immune cell's vitamin E levels to physical activity and antioxidant vitamin supplementation

Potential role of oxidative stress on the prescription of rehabilitation interventions in spinal cord injury

The effects of gender and exercise on malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and total glutathione levels in rat liver

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