Effect of excess aluminum and manganese on Norway spruce seedlings as related to magnesium nutrition

Hecht‐Buchholz, Ch.; Jorns, C. A.; Keil, P.

doi:10.1080/01904168709363638

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…On the other hand, potassium concentration was significantly increased by Al stress in all leaf cells. Similar Al effects on the mineral balance has been described by several authors for Fagus sylvatica [3,6], Quercus rubra [10,21] and Picea abies [16,32]. This study confirms that Al reduces the uptake and the translocation of Ca and Mg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Consequences of an excess Al and a deficiency in Ca and Mg for stomatal functioning and net carbon assimilation of beech leaves

Ridolfi

Garrec

2000

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Stomatal function and photosynthesis were investigated in beech seedlings submitted to excess Al, or/and to a deficiency in Ca and Mg. Excess Al in the nutrient solution promoted a decrease of Ca and Mg leaf contents, while K was increased. Stomatal responses to darkness, ABA and ambient CO 2 remained normal. In contrast, steady-state stomatal conductance in light was significantly smaller and correlated to a lower accumulation of K in the guard cells. Similar stomatal responses were observed for Ca-Mg deficient plants. In response to combined Al stress and low Ca and Mg nutrition, stomata remained almost insensitive to the different stimuli. The constancy in K guard cell concentration revealed a disturbance in K fluxes. Lower CO 2 assimilation rates and chlorophyll contents, on a leaf area basis, were recorded in response to all treatments. In conclusion, excess Al associated to low Ca and Mg nutrition lead to a strong stomatal dysfonction and reduced photosynthesis of beech seedlings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Consequences of an excess Al and a deficiency in Ca and Mg for stomatal functioning and net carbon assimilation of beech leaves

Ridolfi

Garrec

2000

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Adverse effects of low pH and AI were shown for trees, particularly those grown in hydroponic cultures (e.g. Evers, 1983;Hecht-Buchholz et al, 1987;Junga, 1984;Rost-Siebert, 1983Schaedie et al, 1989;Stienen and Bauch, 1988;Tischner et al, 1983). In many acid soils throughout the world aluminium is the most important growth impeding factor (Rengel, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring uptake and contents of Mg, Ca and K in Norway spruce as influenced by pH and Al, using microprobe analysis and stable isotope labelling

1995

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In a model system using intact spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) we followed the path of magnesium, calcium and potassium during uptake into the root and during long-range transport into the shoot, by multiple stable isotope labelling. The roots of two-and three-year-old spruce trees originating from soil culture were removed from the soil and, in part or in toto, exposed to labelling solutions containing the stable isotopes 25Mg or 26Mg, 41K and 42Ca or 44Ca. Optical-emission-spectroscopy (ICP-OES) of plant fractions and labelling solutions was combined with the quantitative analysis of stable isotope ratios in sections of shock frozen, cryosubstituted material using the laser-microprobe-mass-analyser (LAMMA). This combination allowed us to distinguish, both in bulk samples and on the cellular level between (i) the fraction of elements originally present in the plant before the start of the labelling, (ii) the material taken up from the labelling solution into the plant and (iii) any material released by the plant into the labelling solution.In single-root labelling experiments, roots of three-year-old spruce trees, grown in nursery soil, were exposed to various pH conditions. The exchange of Mg and Ca with the labelling solution was nearly 100% in the cell walls of the mycorrhized finest roots. This exchange was only slightly affected by a step down to pH 3.5. The absolute Mg and Ca content in the cell walls was moderately reduced by incubation at pH 3.5 and strongly reduced in the presence of A1 at this pH. After a pH 3.5 and 2 mM AI treatment we found AI in the xylem cell walls and the cortex cell lumina at elevated concentrations. To analyse the combined effect of high AI and high proton concentrations on the long-range transport, we used a "split-root system". The root mass of an intact two-year-old spruce tree, grown in mineral soil, was divided into even parts and both halves incubated in solutions with two sets of different stable isotopes of Mg and Ca (side A: no A1, 25Mg and 42Ca; side B: +A1, 26Mg and 44Ca) and 41K on both sides. We observed a large uptake of Mg, Ca and K into the plant and a pronounced release. The net uptake of all three elements was lower from the Al-doted solution. In cross-sections of the apical shoot we found after a seven-day labelling period about 60-70% of the Mg and Ca and 30% of the K content in the xylem cell walls originating from both labelling solutions. The clear majority of the Mg and Ca label originated from the Al-doted side.

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“…The examination of the effects of A1 on the morphology of root tips using electron microscopy has been reported for maize (Bennet et al, 1984;Wagatsuma et al, 1987), Norway spruce (Hecht-Buchholz et al, 1987;Hodson and Wilkins, 1991), rice, oats and pea (Wagatsuma et al, 1987) and wheat (Puthota et al, 1991). In all species examined, A1 had a detrimental effect on the structure of the root tip, although the effect depended on the species and cultivar examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary results from a microscopic examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat

Wheeler¹,

Wild

Edmeades³

1992

Plant Soil

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Root tips from aluminium (A1) tolerant (Waalt) and A1 sensitive (Warigal) wheat (Triticum aestivum (L). Thell.) cultivars exposed to low concentrations of A1 (10/xM) for 10, 24 and 72 hours were examined under the light and electron microscope. After fixing and embedding, longitudinal and transverse thin and ultrathin sections were cut. There was no evidence of A1 damage to the root tips of the AI tolerant cultivar under both the light and electron microscope. For the AI sensitive cultivar, AI had no observable effect on the root tips 10 hours after A1 addition when examined under the light microscope. When examined under an electron microscope, electron dense globular deposits were observed between the cell wall and cell membrane of the epidermal cells. There was no obvious damage to the cell cytoplasm. Two or 3 days after AI addition, light microscopy showed that the cells in the root tips had become swollen and extensively vacuolated. The tissues appeared disorganised and degenerate, particularly in the epidermis and outer cortical cells. The electron microscope also revealed a thickening of the cell wall. The cell wall was broken down, particularly in the epidermis in the region 4-6 mm from the root tip. The tissue in the meristematic area was largely intact.

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Effect of excess aluminum and manganese on Norway spruce seedlings as related to magnesium nutrition

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Consequences of an excess Al and a deficiency in Ca and Mg for stomatal functioning and net carbon assimilation of beech leaves

Consequences of an excess Al and a deficiency in Ca and Mg for stomatal functioning and net carbon assimilation of beech leaves

Monitoring uptake and contents of Mg, Ca and K in Norway spruce as influenced by pH and Al, using microprobe analysis and stable isotope labelling

Preliminary results from a microscopic examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat

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