Effect of esterified glucomannan on broilers exposed to natural mycotoxin-contaminated diets

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of esterified glucomannan (E-GM) on performance, immunity, blood haematological and serum biochemical parameters in broilers exposed to diets naturally contaminated with mycotoxins. A total of 630 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 9 treatments and 5 replicates of 14 chicks based on factorial (3 × 3) arrangement in completely randomized design. The dietary treatments included 3 levels of substituting naturally contaminated corn (0%, 50% and 100%), three levels of E-GM (0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) and their interaction. Body weight gains (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated from 7 to 49 days of age. Haematology, serum biochemical and enzyme activities were assessed. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease was measured to evaluate the humoral immunity. In comparison to diets with no contamination, 50% and 100% naturally contaminated corn significantly decreased FI, BWG and FCR (P < .05). Supplementing 0.05% and 0.1% E-GM considerably improved the decreased BWG and FI (P < .05). However, only 0.1% binder ameliorated the negative impact of mycotoxins on FCR (P < .05). Replacement of contaminated corn remarkably diminished humoral immunity of chickens and increased liver enzyme activities which ameliorated by supplementing 0.05% and 0.1% of binder inclusion (P < .05). Results indicated that supplementing E-GM particularly at 0.1% level efficiently reversed the adverse effects of mycotoxins on broiler chickens. ARTICLE HISTORY

Efficacy of different antimycotoxicosis compounds on the main immune organs and humoral immune response of broiler chickens fed on aflatoxin and/or ochratoxin contaminated diet

“…The AF and/or OT intoxicated chicks in control positive groups 2, 5 and 8 showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in ND and IBD antibody titers when compared with the negative control group (Tables 11-14). The reduction in the antibody titers was in agreement with several previous reports of Ibrahim et al, (2000); Raju and Devegowda, (2002); Oguz et al,(2003); Verma et al, (2004); Ghahri et al, (2010);Abd El-Ghany et al, (2013); Bhatti et al,(2017) and Mohaghegh et al,(2017) who used dietary inclusion of AF in broiler chicken. Similarly, Raju and Devegowda, (2002); Santin et al,(2002); Verma et al, (2004); El Aroussi et al,( 2006) & ( 2008) ; Xue et al, (2010); Awaad et al, (2011); Indresh and Umakantha, (2013); Hanif and Muhammad, 2015;Bhatti et al,(2017) and Mohaghegh et al,(2017) recorded the same results in chicks fed OT contaminated diets.…”

“…The reduction in the antibody titers was in agreement with several previous reports of Ibrahim et al, (2000); Raju and Devegowda, (2002); Oguz et al,(2003); Verma et al, (2004); Ghahri et al, (2010);Abd El-Ghany et al, (2013); Bhatti et al,(2017) and Mohaghegh et al,(2017) who used dietary inclusion of AF in broiler chicken. Similarly, Raju and Devegowda, (2002); Santin et al,(2002); Verma et al, (2004); El Aroussi et al,( 2006) & ( 2008) ; Xue et al, (2010); Awaad et al, (2011); Indresh and Umakantha, (2013); Hanif and Muhammad, 2015;Bhatti et al,(2017) and Mohaghegh et al,(2017) recorded the same results in chicks fed OT contaminated diets. The reported depression in ND and IBD antibody titer values in the present study is a clear indication for the immunosuppressive effect.…”

“…These results were came in accordance with Hanif and Muhammad, (2015) who showed that a commercial mycotoxin deactivator containing Trichosporon mycotoxinivoran was capable of counteracting the deleterious effects of OT on humoral immune response of chicks against ND. Similarly, use of yeast cell wall extract in broiler chicken showed effective immune-modulation action against aflatoxicosis (Raju and Devegowda, 2002;Ghahri et al, 2010;Abd El-Ghany et al, 2013;Bhatti et al, 2017 andMohaghegh et al, 2017) and ochratoxicosis (Raju and Devegowda, 2002;Awaad et al, 2011 andMohaghegh et al, 2017). Moreover, addition of dietary mycotoxin binders, as sodium bentonite, clinoptilolite and HSCAS, were effective in ameliorating the suppressive effect of AF or OT on the humoral immunity (Ibrahim et al, 2000, Oguz et al, 2003Ghahriet al, 2010;Abd El-Ghany et al, 2013 andBhatti et al, 2017).…”

Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study

“…Exposure of broilers to diet contaminated with 6.5 mg/kg DON, 0.47 mg/kg 15-acetyl-DON and 0.73 mg/kg ZEN showed significantly reduced feed intake and lowered CD4+ and CD8+ cells at Days 3 and 14 compared to birds fed uncontaminated diet [22]. Similarly, a broiler diet containing up to 0.4 mg/kg AFB1, 0.2 mg/kg OTA and 0.3 mg/kg DON caused reduced feed intake and feed efficiency as well as antibody titre against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal diseases [23]. Filho et al [24] also observed a decrease in feed intake (35%) and body weight (50%) in broiler chicken exposed to 2 mg/kg AFB1 and 100 mg/kg FB1 [24].…”

Immunological and pathological adverse effects of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 infection in aflatoxicated-broiler chickens

“…The immunosuppressive effect of AFs was further clearly noticed by the lower macrophage phagocytic activity and TLC (Abdel-Wahhab et al 2002;Basmacioglu et al 2005;Celik et al 2000;Oguz et al 2000), particularly after challenge with H9N2. Lymphocytes and WBC were decreased and heterophils were increased without any noticeable influence on monocyte and eosinophil in male broiler chickens exposed to mycotoxins naturally contaminated diets (Mohaghegh et al 2016). The possibility of phagocytic depression during mycotoxicosis may be due to inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in macrophages after mycotoxins exposure; or due to alterations in metabolic processes, principally glycolysis essential for phagocytosis (Qureshi and Hagler 1992).…”