Effect of essential amino acids (methionine and lysine) and treated oil in fish diet on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Tilapia nilotica (L.)

Abstract

Nile tilapia, Tilapia nilotica (L.), were fed eight isonitrogenous diets in two laboratory experiments at the Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The diets were: (A) mixture containing 28% protein from both animal protein (fish meal) and plant protein (soybean meal and cotton seed meal) as a source of protein; (B) mixture free of animal protein; (C) mixture B supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) (methionine and lysine); (D and E) composed of diet C supplemented with 5% and 3 5% oil respectively; (F and G) composed of diet C supplemented with emulsified or saponified 3-5% oil respectively and (H) mixture composed of diet C plus non-extracted rice bran instead of wheat flour as a source of energy without adding oil.Growth performance (energy and protein retention and protein efficiency ratio) decreased with the animal protein free diet B. Supplementation of methionine and lysine to diet C improved growth performance and feed utilization as well as addition of oil and treated oil but 5% oil and 3-5% saponified oil increased mortality of the tingeriings by 46-27% and 20% respectively. Diet F gave the lowest mortality and the highest growth, energy and protein retention and protein efficiency ratio.

Lipídeos na Alimentação de Alevinos Revertidos de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus, L.)

“…Níveis mais altos de lipídeos diminuíram o desempenho dos alevinos; observou-se que à medida que o lipídeo aumenta, diminui-se a quantidade de amido presente nas rações, pois o milho é substituído pelo óleo de soja, o que demonstra que a tilápia do Nilo utiliza bem o carboidrato da ração, fato este em consonância com os resultados de Viola & Arieli (1983), Anderson et al (1984), Degani & Revach (1991) e Shiau (1997. Os lipídeos atuam como fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais e influencia pouco no fornecimento de energia para o crescimento dos mesmos, concordando com afirmações de Lovell (1989), El-Dahhar & El-Shazly (1993) e Chou & Shiau (1996.…”

“…A utilização de lipídeos como fonte de energia varia conforme a espécie de peixe, dependendo de seu hábito alimentar, sendo que geralmente rações para peixes carnívoros podem ter níveis mais elevados de lipídeos que aquelas para onívoros e herbívoros (Wilson, 1998). El-Dahhar & El-Shazly (1993) afirmaram que a tilápia não utiliza eficientemente o lipídio como fonte de energia. Chou & Shiau (1996) destacam que a tilápia não utiliza a energia suplementar proveniente do lipídeo (acima de 5% na ração), para o crescimento.…”

Feasibility of fishmeal replacement by shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets

“…24 The crude protein levels of the diets were approximately 282 AE 5.6 g kg À1 , which is a representative level of crude protein included in diets for tilapia. 25 Amino acid requirements suggested by Jauncey and Ross 26 have been included in Table 2 for comparison with the data for the experimental diets. No de®ciencies in amino acid content were observed, as all the essential amino acids were present in excess according to the above recommendations.…”

“…In contrast, the SPH diet had an adequate concentration of these amino acids (Table 2), which are essential for normal tilapia growth. 25 Animal protein also has the advantage of having low concentrations of antinutritional factors that might reduce the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients, as is the case when ®sh are fed plant proteins. 1 SPH was de®cient in tryptophan, which was not determined, because it is known that it is labile under acid conditions.…”

Growth of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed diets with different levels of proteins of yeast

“…However, one of the problems found for the use of this material is the lack of information of the values of digestibility of its nutrients (Mukhopadhyay and Ray, 1997). The protein sources of vegetable are cheaper than those of animal origin, but have to amino acid balance inappropriate for the application of fish (El-Dahhar and El-Shazly, 1993), besides the presence of non-starch polysaccharides that can influence in a negative way in the performance of the same . However, the Nile tilapia may, from the stage of fingerling, to use of vegetable protein sources, as the single source of protein, without problems related to performance (Boscolo et al, 2001;Meurer, 2002).…”