Effect of Epidural Clonidine on Spinal Cord Blood Flow and Regional and Central Hemodynamics in Pigs

Gordh, Torsten; Feuk, U.; Norlén, K

doi:10.1213/00000539-198612000-00011

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Epidural clonidine in clinical doses was not found to have any toxic or regional vasoconstrictor effects on the spinal cord (28,29). The classical hemodynamic effects of epidural clonidine in adults (hypotension and bradycardia) were not markedly present in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Clonidine in Pediatric Caudal Anesthesia

Jamali

Monin

Begon

et al. 1994

Anesthesia & Analgesia

158

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extradural clonidine produces analgesia in adults. To assess its efficacy in children, we randomized 45 pediatric patients aged 1-7 yr presenting for a subumbilical surgery into three groups of 15 each. After halothane and N2O/O2 induction, and with a double-blind protocol, caudal anesthesia was performed with 1 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine. Epinephrine 1/200,000 was added in one group (EG), 1 microgram/kg of clonidine in another group (CG), and no additional medication in the last group (BG). Postoperative analgesia was evaluated using the Broadman "objective pain/discomfort scale" (OPS) at 1-h intervals until the first analgesic administration. There were no differences among the groups in age, weight, duration of surgery, baseline systolic arterial pressure, and heart rate. The mean (+/- SD) duration of analgesia was longer in the CG (987 +/- 573 min) than in the EG (377 +/- 341 min) and BG (460 +/- 439 min); P < 0.01. The maximal OPS scores were lower in the CG than in the EG and BG (2.3 +/- 1.6 vs 3.4 +/- 1.4 and 3.4 +/- 1.8, respectively; P < 0.05). More patients in the CG (n = 7) than in the EG (n = 1) and BG (n = 2) required no postoperative analgesia; P < 0.05. No differences were found among the groups for the minimal respiratory rate and minimal Spo2 values in the postoperative phase, and there were no differences among the groups for heart rate and systolic arterial pressure during the 3 h after caudal anesthesia. We conclude that the duration of postoperative analgesia with caudal bupivacaine was significantly increased by the addition of 1 microgram/kg of clonidine.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Clonidine in Pediatric Caudal Anesthesia

Jamali

Monin

Begon

et al. 1994

Anesthesia & Analgesia

158

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eisenach and Grice showed that the epidural injection of clonidine (17 to 25 Ixg. kg -1) did not modify spinal blood flow in sheep 3~ but Gordh et al 31 showed a reduction of 25 to 35 % after epidural clonidine ( 10 to 30 ixg. kg-~).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Brachial plexus block with bupivacaine: effects of added alpha-adrenergic agonists: comparison between clonidine and epinephrine

et al. 1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…11,18 The mechanism is more likely to be at the site of injection around peripheral nerves. The "vasoconstriction theory" whereby stimulation of the adrenergic receptors results in the reduction of systemic absorption of local anesthetics, 19 is unlikely because the intrinsic vasoconstrictive effect of ropivacaine is not enhanced by epinephrine. 4 The effect may occur by direct action of clonidine on nerve fibre conduction, specifically C and A delta fibres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonidine prolongs the effect of ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of adding clonidine to ropivacaine, for axillary brachial plexus blockade, on the onset and duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia.Methods: In a prospective randomised double blind placebo controlled study axillary brachial plexus blockade was performed in 50 patients using 40 ml ropivacaine 0.75 %. Group (A) had 150 µg clonidine and Group (B) 1 ml normal saline added to the local anesthetic. Sensory function was tested using pinprick (sharp sensation, blunt sensation or no sensation) and temperature with an ice cube compared with the opposite arm, (cold/not cold). Motor function was assessed using a modified Bromage scale. Postoperative analgesia was standardised. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, postoperative pain score, and analgesic requirement were compared. Results:The clonidine patients showed an increase in duration of sensory loss from 489 min to 628 min with a mean difference of 138 min (95% confidence interval of 90 to 187 min), motor blockade from 552 min to 721 min with a mean difference of 170 min (95% confidence interval of 117 to 222 min), and analgesia from 587 min to 828 min with mean difference of 241 min (95% confidence interval of 188 to 294 min). There was no difference in onset time. No side effects were noted. Conclusion:The addition of 150 µg of clonidine to ropivacaine, for brachial plexus blockade, prolongs motor and sensory block and analgesia, without an increased incidence of side effects.Objectif : Évaluer l'effet d'un ajout de clonidine à la ropivacaïne, pour le blocage du plexus brachial axillaire, sur le délai d'installation et la durée du bloc sensitif et moteur et sur la durée de l'analgésie.Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude prospective, randomisée et à double insu contre placebo. Un blocage du plexus brachial axillaire a été réalisé chez 50 patients en utilisant 40 ml de ropivacaïne à 0,75 %. On a ajouté à l'anesthésique local, 150 µg de clonidine pour les patients du groupe A et 1 ml de solution salée pour ceux du groupe B. La fonction sensitive a été testée par piqûre d'épingle (sensation vive, légère sensation ou insensibilité) et la température par un cube de glace posé en alternance sur les deux bras (froid, non froid). La fonction motrice a été évaluée avec une échelle de Bromage modifiée. L'analgésie postopératoire a été normalisée. On a comparé le délai d'installation et la durée du blocage sensitif et moteur, la durée de l'analgésie, le score de douleur postopératoire et les besoins analgésiques.Résultats : Chez les patients qui ont reçu de la clonidine, on a noté une perte sensitive de plus longue durée, de 489 min à 628 min avec une différence moyenne de 138 min (intervalle de confiance de 95 %, de 90 à 187 min), un blocage moteur plus long de 552 min à 721 min avec une différence moyenne de 170 min (IC de 95 %, de 117 à 222 min) et une meilleure analgésie de 587 min à 828 min avec une différence moyenne de 241 min (IC de 95 %, de 188 à 294 min). Il n'y a pas eu de différen...

show abstract

Effect of Epidural Clonidine on Spinal Cord Blood Flow and Regional and Central Hemodynamics in Pigs

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Clonidine in Pediatric Caudal Anesthesia

Clonidine in Pediatric Caudal Anesthesia

Brachial plexus block with bupivacaine: effects of added alpha-adrenergic agonists: comparison between clonidine and epinephrine

Clonidine prolongs the effect of ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About