Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the morphology and fine structure of pretreated cellulosic residues

Studies on the properties of Celluclast/Eudragit L-100 conjugate

“…In the food industry, these enzymes have been used as processing aids in seed oil extraction (Domínguez et al, 1995;TanoDebrah and Ohta, 1995;Che Man et al, 1996). Conversion of lignocellulosic substrates from the food and paper industries with the help of cellulases has also been studied (Düsterhö ft et al, 1993;Ramos et al, 1993;Béguin and Aubert, 1994;Duff et al, 1995).…”

Physicochemical Structural Changes of Cellulosic Substrates during Enzymatic Saccharification

“…A positive correlation between initial hydrolysis rate and CrI for pure cellulosic samples was reported [22], while others have reported that the susceptibility of pretreated heterogeneous lignocellulosic biomass such as eucalyptus chips could not be predicted from the differences in their CrI [23]. Amorphous cellulose is generally believed to be hydrolyzed by enzymes at a much faster rate than para-crystalline and crystalline cellulose, therefore it is reasonable to hypothesize that cellulose CrI should increase as the hydrolysis proceeds and this increase could be one of the important reasons causing the gradual slowdown of hydrolysis.…”

“…However, their CrI started to decrease after 40% conversion of the total carbohydrate after 12 h of hydrolysis, which implied that cellulose CrI change might not be the major cause for the decrease in hydrolysis rate of these cellulosic samples. Ramos et al [23] revealed that the hydrolysis of a fully bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp did not appear to result in any significant changes in their CrI [21]. In contrast, Betrabet et al [26] reported that a significant increase in the CrI of substrates as determined by electron diffraction was observed during the hydrolysis of bleached fractions derived from bagasse, wheat straw and hardwood sawdust [26,27].…”

“…Besides cellulose CrI, changes in the length of cellulose chains or DP were also considered as a factor affecting the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis [23]. It is widely reported that hydrolysis usually causes a shift in the molecular weight (MW) distribution of cellulose toward low MW range.…”

Production of Multi-Fiber Modifying Enzyme fromMamillisphaeriasp. for Refining of Recycled Paper Pulp

“…31) Endoglucanases EGI and EGII from T. reesei, classified in GH45, have been reported for their effects to pulp refining. 8) Cellobiohydrolases are of relevance for pulp refining, as they act synergistically with endo-glucanases by degrading the surfaces of crystalline cellulose in the fibers, 32) in addition to a brushing effect on long fibers. 9) Xylanase treatment also led to reductions in refining energy.…”