Effect of enzymatic degradation of chitosan in polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites on in vitro osteoblast response

Abstract

Polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/calcium phosphate composites are interesting biomaterials for utilization in regenerative medicine and they may by applied in reconstruction of deeper subchondral defects. Insufficient informations were found in recent papers about the influence of lysozyme degradation of chitosan in calcium phosphate/chitosan based composites on in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation activity of osteoblasts. The effect of enzymatic chitosan degradation on osteoblasts proliferation was studied on composite films in which the porosity of origin 3D scaffolds was eliminated and the surface texture was modified. The significantly enhanced proliferation activity with faster population growth of osteoblasts were found on enzymatically degraded biopolymer composite films with α-tricalcium phosphate and nanohydroxyapatite. No cytotoxicity of composite films prepared from lysozyme degraded scaffolds containing a large fraction of low molecular weight chitosans (LMWC), was revealed after 10 days of cultivation. Contrary to above in the higher cytotoxicity origin untreated nanohydroxyapatite films and porous composite scaffolds. The results showed that the synergistic effect of surface distribution, morphology of nanohydroxyapatite particles, microtopography and the presence of LMWC due to chitosan degradation in composite films were responsible for compensation of the cytotoxicity of nanohydroxyapatite composite films or porous composite scaffolds.

The Serum Protein Profile and Acute Phase Proteins in the Postoperative Period in Sheep after Induced Articular Cartilage Defect

“…After flexion and partial luxation of the stifle joint using the Osteochondral autograft transfer system (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA), a defect was made on the articular cartilage on the exact place in the distal epiphysis of the femur ( trochlea femoris sinister [17]) at a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 10 mm (Figure 2). The site of the created defect was then filled with a biopolymer implant (Figure 3), which was in vitro tested for cytotoxicity [18]. The same procedure was used to create a defect in the animals from the control group, but it was not filled with biopolymer material.…”

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): Promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

“…The highest value of bone accumulation was observed around the implant of the PHB composite with 30 % of Herafill ® ; however, the authors could not give any clear recommendation regarding the use of PHB composite materials as biodegradable implants for bone fixation (37). As a natural polysaccharide, chitosan is known for its biocompatibility and therefore PHB/HA/chitosan composite scaffolds (39) and PHB/ biophasic calcium phosphate/chitosan membranes (40,41) were tested for their use in bone tissue engineering. Chitosan reduced crystallinity and improved surface proper ties and biological activity of scaffolds (3,20,39).…”

“…PHB and biphasic calcium phosphate/chitosan and showed increased proliferation of rat primary osteoblasts on membranes. When PHB/calcium phosphate/chitosan composite films were enzymatically degraded, significant proliferation of murine osteoblasts was observed (41).…”

Properties of Powder Composite Polyhydroxybutyrate–Chitosan-Calcium Phosphate System

“…PCH blend represents negative sample with low cytotoxicity (see ref. [32]). The approximately the same density of live cells is visible on both surfaces as resulted from comparison of images (Fig.4), which verifies similar cytotoxicity behaviour of cells.…”