Effect of environmental factors on blood counts of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Contamination of freshwater ecosystems has become a major issue as it threatens public water sources as well as aquatic life. It is important to predict changes in organism health, given a known number of environmental factors and pollutant concentrations, in order to better manage contaminants through biomarker analysis. This study aims to examine the ecosystem health of the Brantas River based on its environmental condition and the hematology profile of Gambusia affinis fish present in the river. This species was chosen because of its wide distribution along the Brantas River, and because it is very tolerant, adaptable, highly abundant, and easy to catch. Methods: The study area included 10 sampling sites along the Brantas River watershed. In total, six water quality parameters were observed (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration) and hematology measurements consisted of erythrocyte, leucocyte, and micronuclei analyses. Results: The results showed that the upstream area of Brantas River, located in Batu, was the least polluted region, while Mojokerto was the most polluted. The erythrocyte level of Gambusia affinis caught in most sampling sites was quite low. Furthermore, research revealed that the status of Gambusia affinis' hematological profile was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with water quality parameters, particularly DO, BOD, ammonia, and phenol. Conclusions: It can be concluded from these results that the hematological profile of the fish is poor due to high levels of organic waste and harmful substances.

Analisis Status Kualitas Air di Sungai Porong yang Tercemar oleh Deterjen terhadap Respon Hematologi Ikan Java Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus)

“…The concentration of glucose in fish blood is influenced by various factors, including metabolism, nutrition, and environmental conditions. The increase in blood glucose in tilapia fish in this study is indicated by the stimulation of catecholamine hormones that occur in the catabolism of glycogen reserves in the liver and muscles, leading to the inhibition of insulin hormone release (Hertika et al, 2021).…”

Partial immune responses in Sichuan bream (Sinibrama taeniatus) after starvation

“…Due to the different starvation tolerance of different fish species, there were certain differences in their hematological indicators after starvation. Raise of WBC has been supposed to be helpful in dealing with external pressure ( 29 ). For S. taeniatus , the first raise of WBCs at 7 days of starvation indicated a quick response capacity of the immune system in a short-term starvation state as well as the altered energy allocation in immune system.…”

Modelo matemático con sesgo y coeficientes de influencia en la relación teórica del pensamiento científico: análisis desde el biorregulador larvario Gambusia Punctata Poey, 1854

“…El modelo matemático a desarrollar para estudiar la relación teórica del pensamiento científico en el contexto de la especie biomonitor Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854), se basa en la observación de diferentes variables ambientales y biológicas que influyen en su comportamiento, y la capacidad para regular las poblaciones de larvas de mosquitos (Argota et al, 2020;Wacławek et al, 2022;Madhuri et al, 2024). Estas variables pueden incluir factores como la temperatura del agua, la disponibilidad de alimento, la densidad de población y la presencia de depredadores (Hertika et al, 2022;Eguiraun & Martinez, 2023).…”